A2.2.11 Drawing and annotation based on electron micrographs

What is the purpose of annotating drawings of cell structures?

Annotating drawings helps reinforce the function of each organelle and its significance.

List one benefit of drawing cell structures compared to using high-resolution micrographs.

Drawings allow you to highlight the most important features, simplifying complex details.

What is the nuclear envelope?

The nuclear envelope is a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus, containing nuclear pores for material exchange.

What is the function of nuclear pores?

Nuclear pores enable the exchange of materials, such as RNA and proteins, between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

What is chromatin?

Chromatin is a combination of DNA and proteins that stores genetic information.

What is the role of the nucleolus?

The nucleolus is responsible for producing ribosomes.

Describe the structure of mitochondria.

Mitochondria are oval-shaped with a smooth outer membrane and an inner membrane folded into cristae.

What is the function of the cristae in mitochondria?

Cristae increase the surface area for chemical reactions.

What is contained in the matrix of mitochondria?

The matrix contains enzymes, DNA, and ribosomes essential for metabolic processes.

What is the difference between the cis face and trans face of the Golgi apparatus?

The cis face is the receiving side for vesicles, while the trans face is the shipping side for modified molecules.

What is the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

The rough ER is studded with ribosomes, while the smooth ER is without ribosomes.

What is the role of the plasma membrane?

The plasma membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell and facilitates communication.

What is the function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Cholesterol maintains fluidity and stability of the membrane.

What do vacuoles do in plant cells?

In plant cells, the large central vacuole stores water, nutrients, waste products, and ions.

What are microvilli?

Microvilli are finger-like projections of the plasma membrane that increase surface area for absorption.

What supports the structure of microvilli?

Microvilli are supported internally by a network of actin filaments.

How do drawings help in understanding the relationship between structure and function?

Drawings provide clarity, making it easier to focus on the relationships between structure and function.

What is the Golgi apparatus?

The Golgi apparatus is a series of flattened, membrane-bound sacs that modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids.

What is the stroma in chloroplasts?

The stroma is the fluid-filled space surrounding the thylakoids, containing enzymes, DNA, and ribosomes.

What is the role of thylakoids in chloroplasts?

Thylakoids are disc-shaped structures where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur.

What is the difference between chloroplasts and mitochondria?

Chloroplasts are found in plant cells and involved in photosynthesis, while mitochondria are in all eukaryotic cells and responsible for respiration.