Immunology and Serology Supplemental Notes

The only blood group system that affects clinical transplantation

ABO

Potential reservoir of HIV

Follicular dendritic cell

Also known as ‘Millionaire’s antibody’

IgM

Immature dendritic cells within the epidermis

Langerhans cells

Leukocyte Common Antigen

CD45

“Orchestrator” or “Master regulator” of the immune system

CD4 T helper cells

Demonstrated in Jenner’s work with cowpox, which provided immunity against smallpox.

Cross-immunity

Leiner’s disease

C5 dysfunction

Raynaud's phenomenon

C6 and C7 deficiency

Xeroderma pigmentosa

C8 deficiency

Detects heterophile antibodies and uses sheep erythrocytes

Paul-Bunnell screening test

principal type of leukocyte in the process of phagocytosis

Neutrophil

Increases permeability of blood vessels

anaphylatoxin

originally called Australia antigen

HBsAg

Not pathogenic but immunogenic

Toxoid

also known as the T-cell growth factor

IL-2

What does LASER means?

Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiatio

Involved in antigen recognition following phagocytosis

T Lymphocytes

Incubation period of infectious mononucleosis

10-50 days

Induces phenotype transformation in nonneoplastic cells

Growth factor

Responsible for the suppression of the immune response by inducing IL-10

T regulatory cells

Indicative of a recent infection with Toxoplasma gondii

Low avidity antiToxoplasma IgG

The equilibrium constant is related to strength of antigen-antibody binding

Law of mass action

EBV-infected B lymphocytes express all the following new antigens

viral capsid antigen (VCA), early antigen (EA), nuclear antigen (NA)

average incubation time for hepatitis A

25 days

average incubation time for hepatitis B

75 days

average incubation time for hepatitis C

50 days

is the first phase of agglutination;represents the physical attachment of antibody molecules to antigens on the RBC membrane

Sensitization

stage of syphilis that can be diagnosed only by serologic (laboratory) methods

Latent phase

Noncovalent combination of an antigen with its respective specific antibody

Immune complex

Dominant type found on immunoglobulins of all animals of a species

Isotype

Found on the immunoglobulins of some, but not all, animals of a species

Allotype

Individual determinants characteristic of each antibody

Idiotype

HBV remains infectious on environmental surface

1 week

primary mode of EBV transmission

Exposure to oral pharyngeal secretions

Increased susceptibility to bacterial infections

Major clinical manifestation of B-Cell deficiency

Antarctica

The only continent without Lyme disease

Anti-H

Indicates an active infection with Histoplasma capsulatum

Mixed-field graded agglutination reaction

Few isolated aggregates; supernatant appears red

Flocculation

Based on the interaction of soluble antigen with antibody, resulting in formation of a precipate of fine particles

Valency

Describes the number of antigen-binding sites per molecule of antibody

Factor H

Prevents binding of Factor B to C3b, by competing for the same binding site

Autologous

Most common form of bone marrow transplant

0.05

P-value achieved in antibody identification with the rule of three

Abnormal K: A ratio

Indicates presence of a malignant plasma cell clone

Blacks, native americans, Puerto Ricans

Race groups associated with increased overall incidence of SLE

CD103

Seen in Hairy Cell Leukemia

Transfusion

Lowest incidence of Acute Hepatitis C

K-type Lymphocyte

Specialized form of cytotoxic lymphocytes particularly known for performing Antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) reactions

Lymph Nodes

Where major portion of antibody production occur

Transporter associated with Antigen Processing

Protein complex that is responsible for transporting peptides generated in the protessome into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where they can then be loaded onto MHC class I molecules for presentation to CD8+ T cells

p53

Used to determine the risk of developing cancer

Dialysis

Highest incidence of acute hepatitis C

4 weeks

Median length of time for stage 1 of Lymr disease

Recombinant Immunoblot Assay

Used to confirm that patient or donor is infected with HCV

IL-12

Promote differentiation of T cells to the Th1 subclass

Anticentromere antibody

Demonstrated in most patients with CREST syndrome

Erythema chronicum migrans

Harbors B. Burgdorferi

Noncavalent bonding

Bonding of Antigen to Antibody

Goodness of Fit

Results to the strongest bond of antigen and antibody

Protein

Chemical composition of antibody

Hepatitis A

Most common form of Hepatitis

Heavy chain constant Region (Fc)

Portion of the immunoglobulin molecules contains complement binding sites

Wassermann

First diagnostic blood test for syphilis

Host defense

Recently recognized function of mononuclear monocytes-macrophages