Neural Communication

A nerve cell that sends and receives information via electrical and chemical signals.

Neuron

The junction where communication occurs between two neurons.

Synapse

A brief electrical impulse that travels down the axon to transmit a signal.

Action Potential

The baseline electrical charge of a neuron when it's not firing.

Resting Potential

A neuron either fires completely or not at all—there is no partial firing.

All-or-None Principle

The reabsorption of neurotransmitters by the presynaptic neuron after they have transmitted a neural impulse.

Reuptake

Signals that increase the likelihood a neuron will fire.

Excitatory Signals

Signals that decrease the likelihood a neuron will fire.

Inhibitory Signals

Chemicals that transmit signals across the synapse.

Neurotransmitters

A neurotransmitter involved in movement, reward, and motivation.

Dopamine

A neurotransmitter that affects mood, appetite, and sleep.

Serotonin

A neurotransmitter that influences arousal and alertness.

Norepinephrine

A neurotransmitter involved in muscle contraction and memory.

Acetylcholine

The main inhibitory neurotransmitter.

GABA (Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid)

The main excitatory neurotransmitter.

Glutamate

Natural painkillers and mood enhancers.

Endorphins