₊‧🫀.°.🧠⋆ 𝘤𝘭𝘪𝘯𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘭 𝘱𝘴𝘺𝘤𝘩𝘰𝘭𝘰𝘨𝘺 •˚🩺₊‧👩‍⚕⋆.

all this for a .5 credit is crazy...

maladaptive

harmful and/or disturbing to individual. unable to function in a normal society

insanity

in legal setting difference between those who are held accountable for crimes (sane) and the ones who aren't because of psych disorders (insanity)

insane

describes psychological disorders in general, not medical

DSM-5

diagnosis book. contains symptoms of psychological disorders. doesn't include much of the causes (etiology) or treatments

psychological disorders

marked by clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior

medical model

concept that diseases have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital

epigenetics

study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change

rumination

overthinking. compulsive fretting, overthinking our problems and their causes

specific phobia

intense unwarranted fear of situation or an object

claustrophobia

fear of enclosed spaces

arachnophobia

fear of spiders

agoraphobia

fear of open, public spaces

anxiety disorders

common symptoms of anxiety

generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

constant, low-level anxiety

panic disorder

acute episodes of intense anxiety without any apparent reflex

social anxiety disorder

intense fear and avoidance of social situations

somatic symptom disorder

person manifests a psychological problem through a physiological (body) symptom

conversion disorder

reported severe physical problems but no biological reason can be identified.

illness anxiety disorder

in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease. (Formerly called hypochondriasis.)

dissociative disorders

conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings

dissociative amnesia

person can't remember things and no physiological basis for the disruption in memory can be identified

organic amnesia

biologically induced (i.e. brain damage) amnesia (a person can't remember things)

dissociative identity disorder (DID)

when a person has several personalities rather than one integrated personality. often victims of sexual abuse or childhood trauma

major depressive disorder

known as unipolar depression too. intense sadness (and its affects) for more than 2 weeks. the "common cold" of all psychological disorders. depression caused by low levels of serotonin

mood or affective disorder

experiences extreme or inappropriate emotions

seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

seasonal depression. treated with light therapy

aaron beck

cognitive psychologist who created the cognitive triad, we create ideas about ourselves, world, and our futures. stated the depression caused by unreasonable negative ideas abt our cognitive triad

cognitive triad

themselves, world, their futures

learned helplessness

learned perspective that they are unable to control aspects that are controllable, unhopeful.

martin sligman

created the term learned helplessness with his test with 2 groups of dogs and their reaction to shocks

bipolar disorder

called before manic depression. involves depressed and manic episodes

mania

a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state in which dangerously poor judgment is common

psychotic disorders

disorders marked by irrational ideas, distorted perceptions, and a loss of contact with reality

schizophrenia

disorders that include disordered distorted thinking demonstrated through delusions, hallucinations, unorganized language, and/or unusual affect and motor behavior

hallucinations

perceptions in the absence of any sensory stimulation

delusion

beliefs that have no basis in reality

delusions of persecution

belief that people are out to get you

example of delusions of persecution

John Nash thinking the Russians were after him

delusions of grandeur

belief that you have lots of power when in reality you don't

chronic schizophrenia (process schizophrenia)

symptoms usually appear by late adolescence or early adulthood. as people age, psychotic episodes last longer and recovery periods shorten

acute schizophrenia (reactive schizophrenia)

can begin at any age, frequently occurs in response to a traumatic event

tardive dyskinesia

muscle tremors and stiffness

double blinds

contradictory messages

double blinds example

Sally's parents expect her to not date until she finishes her school. Yet, her parents ask her "why doesn't she have a boyfriend" when she's in her 20s pursuing her career

diathesis-stress model

environmental stressors can provide the genetic predisposition circumstances to express itself

personality disorders

inflexible and enduring behavior that impair social functioning

antisocial personality disorder

lack of consciousness of wrongdoing. little regard for other people's feelings. believes the world is a hostile place where people need to look out for themselves. they're insensitive to others and act in ways that bring pain, aggressive

dependent personality disorder

rely too much on attention and help of others

paranoid personality disorder

feel persecuted

narcissistic personality disorder

involves seeing oneself as center of the universe

histrionic personality disorder

overly dramatic behavior (histrionics)

obsessive compulsive personality disorder

overly concerned with certain thoughts and performing certain behaviors. not to the extent of OCD

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

persistent, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) cause someone to feel the need (compulsion) to engage in a particular action

body dysmorphic disorder

obsession with perceived defects in one's appearance

post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

flashbacks or nightmares following a person's traumatic event. symptoms linger for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience

paraphilias or psychosexual disorders

marked by sexual attraction to something that's not usually seen as sexual

pedophilia

attraction to children

zoophilia

attraction to animals

fetishism

attraction to objects

voyeur

sexually aroused by watching others engage in some kind of sexual behavior

masochist

aroused by having pain inflicted upon themselves

sadist

aroused by inflicting pain on someone else

anorexia nervosa

symptoms being unhealthy low weight, intense fear of fat and food, distorted body image. form of self starvation

bulimia nervosa

involves binge-purge cycles which they eat large quantities and then attempt to purge food from their bodies

binge-eating disorder

eating very large quantities of food in a short time while experiencing feelings of loss of control. episodes followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without compensatory behavior that marks bulimia nervosa

substance-related and addictive disorders

use of such substances or behaviors regularly negatively affects a person's life

autism spectrum disorder

less social and emotional contact than other children do, less likely to seek out parental support when distressed, intense interest in objects not viewed as interesting by most people, engages in simple repetitive behaviors

attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

difficulty of paying attention or sitting still.

alzheimer's disease

form of dementia, deterioration of cognitive abilities. memory loss.

david rosenhan

made the rosehan study. his findings of faking an admission to mental institutes for diagnoses are inaccurate and not valid

trephining

making holes in skull for harmful spirits to escape

deinstitutionalization

released people from mental institutions. intended to save money and benefit former inpatients. didn't work out in the end, led to many being homeless

preventive efforts

efforts made to prevent the development of a disorder

primary prevention

tries to reduce societal problems that can lead to disorders, like homelessness and unemployment

secondary prevention

tries to help at-risk people of a disorder.

secondary prevention example

counseling people who experienced trauma of a natural disaster or terrorist attack

tertiary prevention

tries to keep people's mental health issues from become more severe

tertiary prevention example

people that already have an anxiety disorder are trying to be helped after an earthquake in hopes of the disorder to not become more severe

psychotherapy

therapies that treat the mind and not the body

somatic treatments

therapies that treat the body; drugs

psychoanalysis

therapeutic technique by freud. focuses on finding the root of the problem

symptom substitution

a person gets successfully treated on a psychological problem, then gets another one. psychoanalytic therapists think this

hypnosis

an altered state of consciousness where there are less repressed thoughts

free associate

say whatever is on someone's mind out loud (yapping) doesn't hide/censor thoughts

manifest content

actual content of dream described

latent content

interpretation of dream

resistance

in psychoanalytic therapy, the tendency to protect ones deeply repressed and troubling thoughts

transference

in psychoanalytic therapy, patients having strong feelings toward their therapists because of past hurt relationships

psychodynamic theories

modified Freud's ideas & uses ideas from other perspectives. still emphasizes on the unconscious

insight therapies

highlights importance of patients understanding of their problems

humanistic therapy

helps people understand and accept themselves and to reach their full potential

self-actualization

to reach one's highest potential

free will

you can control your own destiny

determinism

you can't control your own destiny; it's outside of you

carl rogers

made client-centered/person-centered therapy.

unconditioned positive regard

acceptance no matter what client says

nondirective

wouldn't tell what a client should do, but would help clients to choose a course of action. they often say very little, and listen more

active listening

mirror back feelings and clarify them. makes client feel heard

gestalt therapy

type of humanistic therapy. encourages to get in touch with whole self. emphasizes on being in the present

existential therapies

humanistic therapies that focus on making clients have subjective meaningful perceptions of their life; that their lives have meaning