Lab 7 - Chemical Digestion and Anatomy of the Accessory Structures of the Digestive System

Salivary gland

Mucous cell

Serous cell

Soften food to ease digestion

What is the function of the salivary glands?

Salivary amylase

What enzyme is secreted by the salivary glands

Serous cells

What cells secrete salivary amylase?

-Parotid Glands

-Submandibular Glands

-Sublinguinal Glands

What are the 3 pairs of salivary glands?

Tongue

Papillae

Taste buds

Liver lobule

Hepatocytes

Central vein

Sinusoids

Lobule

What is the functional unit of the liver?

Liver Hepatic Portal Triad

Bile ductule

Hepatic arteriole

C

Bile

What flows through the bile ductule?

Oxygen rich blood

What flows through the hepatic arteriole?

Nutrient rich blood

What flows through the hepatic portal venule

Bile production

What is the digestive function of the liver?

Pancreas

Acinar cells

Blue circle

Pancreatic islet

Acinar cells

What cells make up the exocrine portion of the pancreas?

Dump digestive enzymes in the small intestine

What is the function of the pancreas?

Pancreatic islets

What structure contains the endocrine portion of the pancreas?

Blood sugar levels

What homeostatic variable is regulated by the endocrine portion of the pancreas?

The molecule is too bog and needs to be broken down

Why can't the small intestine absorb starches?

Saliva

What kind of digestive juice is in the mouth?

Serous cells of the salivary glands

What is the source of saliva?

Salivary amylase

Enzyme in saliva

Starches

Substrate for salivary amylase

Dextrin and maltose

Products from salivary amylase

Gastric juice

What digestive juice is in the stomach?

-Chief cells

-Parietal cells

-Mucous cells

What are the sources for gastric juice production?

Pepsin (as pepsinogen)

What does chief cells secrete?

Proteins

What is the substrate for pepsin?

Peptides

What is the product for pepsin?

HCl

What does parietal cells secrete?

Pepsinogen activation

What is the purpose for parietal cells secreting HCl?

Pepsin

What is the product of parietal cells secreting HCl?

Intrinsic factor

What else does parietal cells secrete? (besides HCl)

Vitamin B12 absorbtion

What is the function of intrinsic factor?

Mucous

What substance is secreted from gastric mucous cells?

Protection

What is the function of gastric mucous?

-Bile

-Pancreatic juice

-Intestinal juice

What are the 3 digestive juices in the small intestine?

Liver

What is the source for bile?

Bile salts

What is secreted from bile?

Emulsification of fats

What is the function of bile salts?

-Pancreatic amylase

-Pancreatic lipase

-Proteases

What substances are secreted from the acinar cells of the pancreas?

Starches

Substrate for pancreatic amylase

Dextrins and maltose

Products of pancreatic amylase

Lipids

Substrate of pancreatic lipase

Fatty acids and monoglycerides

Products of pancreatic lipase

Proteins and peptides

Substrate of proteases

Amino acids

Product of proteases

NaHCO3 (sodium bicarbonate)

What is secreted by the tubule cells of the pancreas?

Neutralize acidic chyme

What is the function of NaHCO3?

Acinar cells and tubule cells

What are the sources for pancreatic juice?

-Intestinal glands

-Duodenal glands

-Goblet cells

What are the sources for intestinal juice?

-Dipeptidases

-Maltase

-Sucrase

-Lactase

-Dextrinase

What enzymes are secreted from intestinal glands?

Dipeptides

What is the substrate for dipeptidases?

Amino acids

What is the product of dipeptidases?

Maltose

What is the substrate for maltase?

Glucose

What is the product for maltase?

Sucrose

What is the substrate for sucrase?

Glucose and fructose

What are the products of sucrase?

Lactose

What is the substrate for lactase?

Glucose and galactose

What are the products for lactase?

Dextrins

What is the substrate for dextrinase?

Maltose

What is the product of dextrinase?

Mucous

What is secreted from the duodenal glands?

Protection and neutralization

What is the function of the mucous from the duodenal glands?

Mucous

What do goblet cells secrete (small and large intestine)?

Protection

What is the purpose of the mucous in the small and large intestine?

-Common bile duct

-Pancreatic Duct

What 2 ducts release into the duodenum from the haepatopancreatic sphincter?

pH

What does phenolphthalein measure?

Presence of peptide bonds

What does biuret's reagent indicate?

Presence of starches

What does iodine indicate?

Hepatic vein

Where does blood flow after it exits the sinusoids of the liver?

Fatty acids

In the chemical digestion experiment with lipids, with caused the pH to decrease in tube 2?

pH was not acidic, pepsin was inefficient

In the chemical digestion experiment with proteins, why didn't digestion occur in tube 3?

It was the control tube

In the chemical digestion experiment with starch, why didn't digestion occur in tube 2?