Miller and Walzer

Miller - national responsibility

State responsibility cannot be divorced from national responsibility

This would make it difficult to show how individuals contribute - national responsibility hinges on level of democracy

Miller - like-minded model of responsibility

Applies to groups who share outlooks/goals in common and recognize their like-mindedness (violent mob), regardless of intention - the whole group is held responsible instead of assigning individual responsibility (who threw which bricks)

Miller - Cooperative practice model

Cooperative practice model - a dissenting minority can still be held responsible if they are participants in a cooperative where everyone is treated fairly and has equal influence over decisions, and is still benefitting 

Miller - lack of responsibility

An individual must take all reasonable steps to prevent the outcome occurring in order to claim they have no responsibility

Miller - the nation as an ethical community

The nation is an ethical community with special obligations and shared identity, and the existence of their nation is considered a valuable good

Walzer - the left’s political project

creating opportunities for nations and states that have been injured by involvement of powerful nations (or disasters) to to rebuild and put infrastructure in place that allows them to be self-sufficient 

Walzer - the humanitarian project

providing immediate widespread humanitarian relief is a moral duty, military intervention is justified in cases of massive human rights violations (ethnic cleansing, famine)

Walzer - global vs local justice

Global justice must be addressed now via humanitarianism and can only be minimal, local/domestic justice is a long-term ongoing project that must be in the hands of the individuals themselves to decide what their social and cultural justice looks like