Genetic Engineering Techniques

What is a vector? Give an example.

• Something that transports DNA from one species to another species’ DNA.

• Plastids

Name a vector found in some bacteria and its shape.

• Plasmid

• Circular DNA

What are two ways to go about genetic engineering?

• Polymerase Chain Reaction

• Recombinant DNA

What is the difference between PCR and recombinant DNA?

• PCR greatly multiplies a DNA sequence without a host cell

• Recombinant DNA combines sequences from different sources to form a new DNA molecule.

Recombinant DNA:

_______ gene is inserted into plasmid → plasmid is taken up by ________ → reproduction occurs and gene is ________ to produce the protein.

Human, bacteria, translated

This technique can be used to produce cloned DNA by allowing the bacteria to multiply themselves.

Recombinant DNA

This technique makes large amounts of a desired gene or piece of DNA

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Steps of PCR:

1. Unzipping: Heat DNA at __ °C

2. Add ______ _____ and allow to cool

3. Add heat resistant ____ _________ (the replication enzyme) and free ________.

4. DNA copies itself, heat + repeat

93, replication primers, DNA Polymerase

What three processes can be carried out after PCR?

1. DNA sequencing (e.g. Sanger Method, Human Genome Project)

2. DNA probe testing

3. Compare DNA with Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP)

DNA sequencing methods such as the ______ method helps us study __________ relationships and origins between organisms and discover the _________ in all human chromosomes.

sanger, evolutionary, nucleotides

What is a DNA probe? What is it used for?

• Single stranded radioactive DNA, is complementary to the DNA being tested.

• Binds to sequences that indicate viral infections, genetic disorders, and cancer

Technology that can produce a ‘DNA fingerprint’ to compare DNA from two different organisms.

Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLP)

RFLP works by cutting specific sequences to produce fragments that will be separated using ______ ____________.

Gel Electrophoresis

RFLP can be used to identify paternity, genetic disorders like cystic fibrosis and ____ ____ ________, and __________ diagnoses

sickle cell anemia, prenatal