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These flashcards summarize key vocabulary and concepts related to the U.S. Constitution and its foundational debates, useful for exam preparation.
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Unalienable
A human right based on nature or God.
Articles of Confederation
A weak constitution that governed America during the Revolutionary War.
Constitutional Convention
A meeting in Philadelphia in 1787 that produced a new constitution.
Shays’s Rebellion
A 1787 rebellion in which ex-Revolutionary War soldiers attempted to prevent farm foreclosures due to high interest rates and taxes.
Virginia Plan
Proposal to create a strong national government.
New Jersey Plan
Proposal to create a weak national government.
Great Compromise
Plan for a popularly elected House based on state population and a state-selected Senate with two members for each state.
Republic
A government in which elected representatives make decisions.
Judicial Review
The power of courts to declare laws unconstitutional.
Federalism
Government authority shared by national and local governments.
Enumerated Powers
Powers given to the national government alone.
Reserved Powers
Powers given to the state governments alone.
Concurrent Powers
Powers shared by the national and state governments.
Separation of Powers
The division of power among different branches of government.
Checks and Balances
The system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches.
Faction
A group with a distinct political interest.
Federalists
Those who favor a stronger national government.
Antifederalists
Those who favor a weaker national government.
Coalition
An alliance of groups.
Habeas Corpus
An order to produce an arrested person before a judge.
Bill of Attainder
A law that declares a person guilty of a crime without a trial.
Ex Post Facto Law
A law that makes an act criminal even though it was legal when it was committed.
Bill of Rights
The first ten amendments to the Constitution.
Line-Item Veto
An executive's ability to block a particular provision in a bill passed by the legislature.