honors english 9 grammar

im gonna fail lol

preposition

A word that shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun to another word

compound preposition

a preposition that is made up of more than one word

prepositional phrase

a modifying phrase consisting of a preposition and its object (noun).

verb

expresses action events states of being

action verb

expression action, physical or mental

linking verb

connects subject to predicate(part of sentence contianing verb), expresses condition (ex. pies ARE hot)

helping verb

combined w/ verb to form verb phrase. doesn't stand alone

verb phrase

refers to verb and helping verb. express tense, indicates an action is directed @ the subject (ex. is filled, will be buying)

pronoun

replaces a noun

personal pronoun

replaces specific person/thing (ex. his, she)

possessive pronoun

marks possession, shows ownership (ex. yours, hers)

demonstrative pronoun

points out a person, place, thing, or idea (ex. those)

interrogative pronoun

asks question (who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever)

relative pronoun

connect clauses, LINK ideas (ex. everyone, nobody)

reflexive pronoun

refers back to subject (ex. HE asks HIMSELF)

intensive pronoun

emphasizes antecedent (ex. you yourself)

antecedent

noun a pronoun replaces (ex. JANE she)

noun

person, place, thing, or idea

common noun

general name for person place thing or idea (ex. food, town)

proper noun

specifically names person place or thing, always capitalized (ex. Freddy's Pizzeria)

compound noun

2 or more words, together or with a - (ex. bedroom, dry-cleaning)

collective noun

names a number of separate things/animals/persons (ex. herd, grass, team)

concrete noun

thing that CAN be perceived through physical senses (ex. sandwiches, dog)

abstract noun

thing that CAN'T be perceived through physical senses (ex. freedom, confidence, feelings)

adjective

a word that modifies a noun or pronoun

possessive adjective

a adjective that shows ownership (ex. HIS rock, HER pickle)

demonstrative adjective

points out a thing or things, modifies a noun/noun phrase (ex. THAT big gulp, THIS fry)

interrogative adjective

asks question, modifies a noun/noun phrase (WHICH pebble, WHAT cheese)

indefinite adjective

refers to group, modifies noun, pronoun, or noun phrase (MANY rocks, ANY rock)

article

cool adjectives (a, an, the)

proper adjective

formed from a proper noun and begins with a capital letter. -n, -an, -ese, ish (cubaN, chinESE)

adverb

a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, a phrase, a clause, or another adverb. indicates manner, time, place, & clause or degree (how, when, where, to what degree)

adverb: HOW something was done

quickLY, cheerfulLY, laziLY

adverb: WHEN something occurred / its time

REGULARly, NEVER, SOON

adverb: WHERE the action is

INSIDE, OUTSIDE

adverb: EXTENT which action is executed

SO, ALMOST, FASTER

conjunctive adverb

joins 2 clauses together (ex. they wanted to vote red out; HOWEVER, green voted for yellow) (im sorry)

adverbial noun

a noun that acts as an adverb by describing a verb (amount, weight, time, distance, direction, value) (ex. yesterday, tomorrow, year, pounds, ton, miles, foot, dollars)

conjunction

a word used to link words, phrases, & clauses (ex. jeff AND jeff2 went to steal a car, SINCE the start of the school year, i have been stealing pencils)

coordinating conjunction

joins individual words, phrases, and clauses. (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so FANBOYS) (ex. cops AND robbers, no BUT yes)

subordinating conjunction

introduces a dependent clause and indicates nature of relationship w/ independent clause & dependent clause. (ex. UNTIL she broke in she couldn't get the diamond, she had to get out WHEN the guards noticed)

correlative conjunction

pair of words that link equal words, phrases, or clauses (both-and, either-or, neither-nor, not only-but also, so-as, whether-or) (ex. BOTH my mom AND dad were criminals, NOT ONLY was red in cafeteria when green died he was ALSO next to the body)

these words will always be verbs

AM, ARE, IS, WAS, WERE, BE, BEEN, BEING