Digestive System Study guide

Antiemetic

against vomiting

Enema

liquid med placed into the rectum and colon to clean your bowels out

Cholelithiasis

presence of stones in the gallbladder

Anorexia nervosa

eating disorder characterized by a

false perception of body appearance: fear of gaining

weight

Cleft lip

birth defect where there is a deep grove of the lip running upward to the nose as a failure of this portion to close during development

Hiatal hernia

when a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest through an opening in the diaphragm

Oral Thrush

overgrowth of yeast in the oral cavity causing creamy white lesions on the tongue or inner cheeks

Ultrasound

diagnostic test that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize internal organs

Bariatric

relating to or specializing in the treatment of obesity

Cirrhosis

chronic disease of the liver caused by excessive alcohol abuse or hepatitis

Normal Adult Dentition

32 teeth

Three pairs of salivary glands:

sublingual, submandibular, and parotid

Composition of the Palate:

hard palate, soft palate, and the uvula

Rugae

folds in the mucosa lining of the stomach

Bile

necessary for the digestion of fat, produced in the liver, stored in the gall bladder

Pyloric sphincter

ring-like muscle at the base of the stomach that controls flow of food into the small intestine

Large Intestine

absorbs water from any undigested food passing out of the small intestine and allows the body to eliminate waste substances from food.

Gallbladder

stores bile

Four types of teeth:

molars, premolars, incisors, and

canines

Accessory organs of the digestive system:

liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

Esophagus

muscular tube that passes food from the pharynx to the stomach

Pancreas

organ located behind the stomach that secretes digestive enzymes

Appendix

structure that hangs from the lower portion of the cecum

Pylorus

narrow passage that connects the stomach with the small intestine

Epiglottis

lid-like structure that closes off the entrance to the trachea to prevent food and liquids from moving from the pharynx during swallowing

Gingivitis

inflammation of the gums

Nasogastric tube (NG Tube)

tube that is placed through the nose and into the stomach

Intussusception

condition in which one part of the intestine slides into an adjacent part of the intestine

Chron’s Disease

chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract, most often found in the ileum and in the colon

Three sections of the small intestine:

duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

Peptic Ulcers

sores that affect the mucous membranes of the digestive system

Gastritis

inflammation of the stomach

Celiac Disease

a serious autoimmune disease that occurs where the ingestion of gluten leads to damage in the small intestine

Saliva

colorless liquid that maintains the moisture in the mouth

Hepatitis

inflammation of the liver

Colotomy

surgical incision into the colon

Colonoscopy

visual examination of the large intestine

Colostomy

surgical creation of an artificial opening between the colon and body surface

Cholecystectomy

surgical removal of the gallbladder

Colectomy

surgical removal of all or part of the colon

Proct/o

anus, rectum

-lithiasis

presence of stones

-pepsia

digest

-emesis

vomiting

-phagia

eating, swallowing

Hapat/o

liver

Gastr/o

stomach

An/o

anus

Colon/o

large intestine

Rect/o

anus and rectum