CHNI PHN Mock Board Exam (1-200)

5. A sample of 1000 people includes 120 who are hearing-impaired and 50 who are diabetic. If the number who are both diabetic and hearing-impaired is 6, then which of the following statements is true?

a. Diabetes and hearing impairment appear to be independent characteristics.

b. Diabetics appear to be protected from hearing impairment.

c. There is an interaction between diabetes and hearing impairment.

d. Diabetics appear to be at greater risk of hearing impairment.

a. Diabetes and hearing impairment appear to be independent characteristics

The low number of individuals with both conditions suggests no significant interaction. There is no evidence that diabetics are protected from hearing impairment, the data does not show significant interaction between diabetes and hearing impairment, and diabetics do not appear to be at greater risk of hearing impairment based on the given data.

12. This condition is characterized by an adequate food intake; however, the body is unable to absorb or utilize the essential nutrients in food.

a. primary deficiency disease

b. secondary deficiency disease

c. nutritional imbalance

d. none of the above

b. secondary deficiency disease

This condition occurs when the body cannot absorb or utilize nutrients despite adequate intake. Primary deficiency disease results from inadequate intake, nutritional imbalance is a broader term, and “none of the above” is not applicable.

15. An individual becomes at-risk of developing a deficiency disease when ____.

a. there is a depletion of nutrient stores

b. there is inadequate dietary intake

c. clinical symptoms appear

d. all of the above

d. all of the above

An individual is at risk of developing a deficiency disease when there is depletion of nutrient stores, inadequate dietary intake, and the appearance of clinical symptoms. Each factor contributes to the risk.

25. Urine tests used in nutrition assessments:

a. albumin & transferrin

b. urea nitrogen & creatinine

c. fibronectin & somatomedin-C

d. transthyretin & retinol-binding protein

b. urea nitrogen & creatinine

These are common urine tests in nutrition assessments. Albumin & transferrin, fibronectin & somatomedin-C, and transthyretin & retinol-binding protein are not typically used in urine tests for nutrition assessments.

26. All are correct statements about physical findings used in nutrition assessment except for:

a. Physical findings are highly specific.

b. Physical findings can help detect dehydration and fluid retention.

c. Physical findings help confirm suspected nutrient deficiencies.

d. Physical findings can reflect both nutrient imbalances and conditions unrelated to nutrition.

a. Physical findings are highly specific

Physical findings are not highly specific; they can indicate various conditions. They can help detect dehydration and fluid retention, confirm nutrient deficiencies, and reflect both nutrient imbalances and unrelated conditions.

29. This body measurement reflects overnutrition and undernutrition as well as growth in children:

a. Height-weight

b. head circumference

c. waist-to-hip ratio

d. MUA

a. Height-weight

This measurement reflects overnutrition, undernutrition, and growth in children. Head circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and MUA (mid-upper arm circumference) are less comprehensive.

30. It Is the most reliable method to diagnose anemia and identify its cause.

a. dietary assessment

b. clinical examination

c. laboratory test

d. none of the above

c. laboratory test

Laboratory tests are the most reliable method to diagnose anemia and identify its cause. Dietary assessment and clinical examination are less definitive.

31. A popular term used for deficiencies in vitamins and minerals is ____.

a. Malnutrition

b. Hidden hunger

c. Avitaminosis

d. Sangkap Pinoy

b. Hidden hunger

This term refers to deficiencies in vitamins and minerals. Malnutrition is a broader term, avitaminosis refers to vitamin deficiencies specifically, and Sangkap Pinoy is a local term in the Philippines.

33. The ideal body weight of a 16 week-old infant whose birth weight was 3 ¾ kg is:

a. 8kg

b. 7kg

c. 6kg

d. 5 kg

a. 8kg

The ideal body weight of a 16-week-old infant whose birth weight was 3.75 kg is approximately 8 kg. Weights of 7 kg, 6 kg, or 5 kg are less likely.

34. These foods are rich in vitamin A except:

a. Ampalaya fruit

b. Tiesa

c. Malunggay leaves

d. Alugbati

a. Ampalaya fruit:

Ampalaya fruit is not rich in vitamin A. Tiesa, malunggay leaves, and alugbati are rich in vitamin A.

38. The Plate Model illustrates the types of food needed for a healthy diet. The proportions in a plate that should be consumed everyday should be:

a. ½ cereals, ¼ meat, ¼ vegetables

b. ½ vegetables, ¼ cereals, ¼ meat

c. ½ meat, ¼ cereals, ¼ meat

d. 1/3 cereals, 1/3 meat, 1/3 vegetables

b. 1⁄2 vegetables, 1⁄4 cereals, 1⁄4 meat

The Plate Model suggests half the plate should be vegetables, with cereals and meat each taking a quarter. Other proportions are less balanced.

41. The total energy allowance (TEA) of a 9 year-old female student with a DBW of 52 kg is ____.

a. 63 kg

b. 77 kg

c. 70 kg

d. 170 kg

d. 170 kg

This option is incorrect as it refers to weight, not energy allowance. The total energy allowance (TEA) should be calculated in kilocalories, not kilograms. The other options are also incorrect as they are not relevant to energy allowance.

48. In this nutritional assessment system, data are collected only once in order to establish baseline nutritional data or determine the overall nutriture of a population.

a. nutrition survey

b. nutrition screening

c. nutrition intervention

d. nutrition surveillance

a. nutrition survey

A nutrition survey collects data once to establish baseline nutritional data. Nutrition screening, intervention, and surveillance involve ongoing or repeated data collection.

49. In this nutritional assessment system, the data collected are used to identify malnourished individuals who require intervention.

a. nutrition survey

b. nutrition screening

c. nutrition intervention

d. nutrition surveillance

b. nutrition screening

This system identifies malnourished individuals who need intervention. Nutrition survey, intervention, and surveillance have different primary purposes.

51. It is used to establish the prevalence of malnutrition in a population and to identify and classify malnourished individuals. a. Cut-off point

b. Reference value

c. Trigger level

d. Indicator

d. Indicator

An indicator is used to establish the prevalence of malnutrition and classify malnourished individuals. Cut-off point, reference value, and trigger level are related but serve different purposes.

52. In obtaining the "usual" intake of an individual, it is advisable to use:

1. 24-hour recall

2. food frequency

3. food record

4. diet history

a. 1 & 3 only

b. 2, 3, & 4

c. 2 & 4 only

d. 4 only

b. 2, 3, & 4

Food frequency, food record, and diet history are advisable for obtaining usual intake. 24-hour recall alone is not sufficient.

53. A 24-hour food recall may be conducted on children provided they are ____.

a. more than 6 years of age

b. at least 5 years old when they can read and write

c. more than 8 years of age

d. at least 6-7 years old when they can read and write

d. at least 6-7 years old when they can read and write

Children need to be at least 6-7 years old and able to read and write for a 24-hour food recall. The other age ranges are less appropriate.

54. One requirement of this dietary method is that it must be culture-specific so that the food list in the questionnaire represents the common foods consumed in the community being studied.

a. food account

b. 24-hour food recall

c. food record

d. food frequency questionnaire

d. food frequency questionnaire

This method must be culture-specific to represent common foods. Food account, 24-hour food recall, and food record do not require this specificity.

55. An intake level that will meet specified criteria of nutrient adequacy to prevent risk of deficit or excess.

a. requirement

b. dietary allowance

c. protective nutrient intake

d. recommended nutrient intake

d. recommended nutrient intake

This intake level meets criteria for nutrient adequacy. Requirement, dietary allowance, and protective nutrient intake are related but not the same.

56. The dietary intake level that is adequate to meet the nutrient requirements of almost all (97%-98%) apparently healthy individuals in an age- and gender-specific population group.

a. requirement

b. tolerable upper nutrient intake level

c. dietary allowance

d. protective nutrient intake

c. dietary allowance

The dietary allowance meets the nutrient requirements of almost all healthy individuals in a specific population group. Requirement is a general term, tolerable upper nutrient intake level is the maximum daily intake unlikely to cause adverse effects, and protective nutrient intake is not a standard term.

57. It is considered the gold standard in the determination of hemoglobin concentration

a. Hemo Cue method

b. Sahli method

c. Cyanmethemoglobin method

d. None of the above

c. Cyanmethemoglobin method

This method is considered the gold standard for determining hemoglobin concentration1. The Hemo Cue and Sahli methods are also used but are not the gold standard, and “None of the above” is incorrect.

59. The standard classification for a low birth weight infant

a. 3 ½ lbs or less

b. 4 lbs or less

c. 5 ½ lbs or less

d. 6 ½ lbs or less

c. 5 1⁄2 lbs or less

This is the standard classification for a low birth weight infant. The other weights (3 1⁄2 lbs, 4 lbs, and 6 1⁄2 lbs) are not standard classifications.

60. This condition is characterized by high blood pressure, edema, and presence of protein in the urine of a pregnant woman

a. Gestational diabetes

b. Teratogenic hypertension

c. Pregnancy-induced blood pressure crisis

d. Preeclampsia

d. Preeclampsia

Preeclampsia is characterized by high blood pressure, edema, and protein in the urine during pregnancy. Gestational diabetes involves high blood sugar, teratogenic hypertension is not a standard term, and pregnancy-induced blood pressure crisis is not specific.

71. This element of social mobilization involves a continuing expansion of the network of advocates and mobilizers working for the program.

a. Advocacy

b. Networking and alliance building

c. Community organizing

d. Capability building

b. Networking and alliance building

This involves expanding the network of advocates and mobilizers. Advocacy, community organizing, and capability building have different focuses.

74. The E.P. weight of bangus with 250g A.P. weight and 65% E.P. is ____

a. 88g

b. 162g

c. 185g

d. None of the above

b. 162g

The E.P. weight of bangus with 250g A.P. weight and 65% E.P. is 162g. The other weights are incorrect calculations.

75. An adverse reaction to food that does not signal the body to form antibodies is called _____.

a. Food allergy

b. Food intolerance

c. Mild food challenge

d. Transient food episode

b. Food intolerance

Food intolerance is an adverse reaction that does not involve antibodies. Food allergy involves antibodies, and mild food challenge and transient food episode are not standard terms.

76. A diet provides 2,000 kcal of which 20% of the energy is from fats and 15% from protein. How many grams of carbohydrates are contained in the diet?

a. 100g

b. 145g

c. 250g

d. 325g

d. 325g

With 20% energy from fats and 15% from protein, the remaining 65% from carbohydrates equals 325g. The other amounts are incorrect calculations.

77. As indicated by the RENI, all persons throughout life need ____.

a. The same nutrients but in varying amounts

b. The same nutrients in the same amount at any age

c. The same amount of nutrients in any state of health

d. Different nutrients in varying amounts

a. The same nutrients but in varying amounts

RENI indicates that all persons need the same nutrients in varying amounts. The other options are incorrect interpretations.

79. Indirect methods of assessing nutritional status

a. Anthropometric measurements

b. Food consumption studies

c. Clinical examinations

d. Biochemical examinations

b. Food consumption studies

Indirect methods include food consumption studies. Anthropometric measurements, clinical examinations, and biochemical examinations are direct methods.

80. You are to make an accurate and reliable analysis of the nutrient content of a food intake study. The most appropriate tool to use in analyzing the dietary data is ______.

a. Food Balance Sheet

b. Food Exchange List

c. Food Labels

d. Food Composition Table

d. Food Composition Table

This tool is most appropriate for analyzing nutrient content. Food Balance Sheet, Food Exchange List, and Food Labels serve different purposes.

84. The amount of sugar in tablespoons needed to supply 150kcal is ___.

a. 5T

b. 10T

c. 25T

d. 30T

a. 5T

5 tablespoons of sugar provide approximately 150 kcal. The other amounts are incorrect calculations.

85. This is the most important effect of infection on an individual's nutritional status:

a. reduced absorption of nutrients such as iron and vitamin A

b. increase in nutrient needs due to increased BMR

c. decreased food consumption

d. increased loss of fluids and nutrients especially electrolytes

b. increase in nutrient needs due to increased BMR

Infection raises BMR, increasing nutrient needs. Reduced absorption, decreased food consumption, and increased fluid loss are also effects but less critical.

86. A primary and immediate cause of malnutrition

a. Inadequate food supply

b. Presence of illness

c. Over population

d. Poor sanitation

b. Presence of illness

Illness directly causes malnutrition by affecting nutrient intake and absorption. Inadequate food supply, overpopulation, and poor sanitation are underlying causes.

87. These vegetable oils are used to replace the butterfat removed from cow's milk to produce evaporated filled milk.

a. coconut and corn oils

b. soybean and coconut oils

c. corn and soybean oils

d. coconut and peanut oils

b. soybean and coconut oils

These oils are commonly used in evaporated filled milk. The other combinations are less typical.

88. The sole reliance on breastmilk for children beyond 6 months leads to:

a. xerophthalmia

b. beriberi

c. anemia

d. zinc deficiency

c. anemia

Sole reliance on breastmilk beyond 6 months can lead to iron deficiency anemia. Xerophthalmia, beriberi, and zinc deficiency are less directly related.

89. These nutrients are linked with appetite.

a. leucine and zinc

b. leucine and iron

c. thiamin and zinc

d. thiamin and leucine

c. thiamin and zinc

These nutrients are linked with appetite regulation. Leucine and iron, leucine and zinc, and thiamin and leucine are less relevant combinations.

94. These are underlying causes of malnutrition except:

a. presence of infections and other diseases

b. poor environmental sanitation

c. inadequate food supply within the area

d. inadequate income to buy the right kind and amount of food

a. presence of infections and other diseases

These are immediate causes, not underlying. Poor sanitation, inadequate food supply, and income are underlying causes.

96. It is one of the most reliable predictors of infant health and future development

a. birth weight

b. length at birth

c. milk intake during the first week of life

d. presence of visible birth defects

a. birth weight

Birth weight is a reliable predictor of infant health and development. Length at birth, milk intake, and visible birth defects are less predictive.

97. Between the ages of 2 and 4 years, ________.

a. a child's appetite increases enormously

b. a child's eating habits tend to stabilize

c. a child's appetite tends to decrease

d. a child usually tries a new food that is offered

c. a child’s appetite tends to decrease

Appetite often decreases between ages 2 and 4. Increased appetite, stabilized eating habits, and trying new foods are less typical.

98. Introducing whole milk during the first year of life is not advisable because this may lead to:

a. high blood lipids

b. high blood pressure

c. rickets

d. bleeding in the digestive tract

d. bleeding in the digestive tract

Whole milk can cause digestive bleeding in infants. High blood lipids, high blood pressure, and rickets are less directly related.

99. Impairment of stomach acid among the elderly may prevent the ability to absorb:

a. iron

b. vitamin D

c. riboflavin

d. calcium

a. iron

Impaired stomach acid affects iron absorption. Vitamin D, riboflavin, and calcium absorption are less affected.

100. The heights of Grade 1 school children are shorter than the average height of apparently healthy children of the same age range. This may be due to what reason?

a. all were born small

b. stunting

c. Wasting

d. none of these

b. stunting

Shorter heights in Grade 1 children are often due to stunting. Being born small, wasting, and other reasons are less likely.

101. This nutrient's level in breast milk is maintained at the expense of the mother if her intake is inadequate.

a. calcium

b. iron

c. sodium

d. phosphorus

a. calcium

Calcium levels in breast milk are maintained at the mother’s expense if intake is inadequate. Iron, sodium, and phosphorus are less affected.

102. In detecting iodine deficiency, the simplest biochemical method is the determination of:

a. radioactive iodine uptake

b. protein-bound iodine

c. urinary iodine

d. serum thyroxine

104. The two major hormones of pregnancy secreted by the placenta:

a. prolactin and estrogen

b. human placental lactogen (HPL) and estrogen

c. human chorionic throtropin (HCT) and progesterone

d. progesterone and estrogen

d. progesterone and estrogen

These hormones are secreted by the placenta during pregnancy. Prolactin is related to lactation, HPL is involved in metabolic changes, and HCT is not a standard term.

105. The feeding problem among preschoolers who play with food during meal times.

a. gagging

b. food jags

c. dawdling

d. variable appetite

c. dawdling

Dawdling refers to playing with food during meals. Gagging, food jags, and variable appetite are different feeding issues.

106. Signs of kwashiorkor except:

a. depigmentation of hair and skin

b. edema in the limbs

c. emaciation

d. Apathy

c. emaciation

Emaciation is more characteristic of marasmus, not kwashiorkor. Depigmentation, edema, and apathy are signs of kwashiorkor.

107. Foods with high biologic value except:

a. egg

b. monggo guisado

c. fish

d. lean meats

b. monggo guisado

While nutritious, it has lower biological value compared to eggs, fish, and lean meats, which are complete proteins.

108. Decreased levels of nutrients in body fluids may be assessed by using:

a. biochemical method

b. clinical method

c. both a & b

d. none of the above

a. biochemical method

This method assesses nutrient levels in body fluids. Clinical methods assess physical signs, and “both a & b” and “none of the above” are incorrect.

109. These indices may be used to assess the anthropometric status of children 0-5 years except:

a. height-for-age

b. weight-for-height

c. Weight-for-age

d. head circumference-for-age

d. head circumference-for-age

This index is less commonly used for children 0-5 years compared to height-for-age, weight-for-height, and weight-for-age.

110. All of the following are used in assessing growth except:

a. weight

b. length

c. head circumference

d. Mid-upper arm circumference

d. Mid-upper arm circumference

This is not typically used to assess growth compared to weight, length, and head circumference.

111. Which of the following are quantitative dietary tools?

I. Food Exchange Lists

II. Food Composition Tables

III. Recommended Energy and Nutrient Intakes

IV. Nutrition Facts Label

V. Your Guide to Good Nutrition

a. I, II, III, IV, V

b. I, II, III, V only

c. I, II, III only

d. I, III, V only

c. I, II, III only

Food Exchange Lists, Food Composition Tables, and Recommended Energy and Nutrient Intakes are quantitative tools. Nutrition Facts Label and Your Guide to Good Nutrition are not.

112. It is not a sign of iron deficiency.

a. corneal xerosis

b. pale conjunctiva

c. stomatitis

d. "spooning" of the finger nails

a. corneal xerosis

This is a sign of vitamin A deficiency, not iron deficiency. Pale conjunctiva, stomatitis, and “spooning” of the fingernails are signs of iron deficiency.

113. This indicator increases when there is iron deficiency.

a. hemoglobin

b. erythrocyte protoporphyrin

c. serum transferrin

d. serum ferritin

b. erythrocyte protoporphyrin

This indicator increases with iron deficiency. Hemoglobin, serum transferrin, and serum ferritin decrease.

114. The minimum amount of fats and oils recommended for a day based on Your Guide to Good Nutrition and Food Guide Pyramid is equivalent to _____.

a. 3 level tsp.

b. 5 level tsp.

c. 6 level tsp.

d. 8 level tsp.

c. 6 level tsp.

This is the recommended minimum amount of fats and oils per day. The other amounts are incorrect.

115. This qualitative tool shows the hierarchy of food groups in a person's diet that helps to put Your Guide to Good Nutrition into action:

a. Nutrition Facts Labels

b. Nutritional Guidelines

c. Food Guide Pyramid

d. Plate Model

c. Food Guide Pyramid

This tool shows the hierarchy of food groups. Nutrition Facts Labels, Nutritional Guidelines, and Plate Model serve different purposes.

116. This diet planning principle refers to the manner of providing foods of a number of types in proportion to each other so that foods rich in some nutrients do not crowd out foods that are rich in other nutrients.

a. Adequacy

b. Balance

c. Moderation

d. Variety

b. Balance

This principle ensures foods are provided in proportion to each other. Adequacy, moderation, and variety are different principles.

117. What is the % energy intake of a 20-year-old female student with an intake of 1965 kcal?

a. 95%

b. 100%

c. 105%

d. 115%

b. 100%

An intake of 1965 kcal is 100% of the recommended energy intake for a 20-year-old female. The other percentages are incorrect.

118. Anatomic lesions can be measured by which nutritional assessment method?

a. anthropometric

b. biochemical

c. clinical

d. dietary

c. clinical

Clinical methods measure anatomic lesions. Anthropometric, biochemical, and dietary methods do not.

119. Infants and preschool children are at-risk of the following malnutrition problems except:

a. PEM

b. VAD

c. IDA

d. IDD

d. IDD

Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) are less common in infants and preschool children compared to PEM, VAD, and IDA.

120. This level of prevention aims to prevent disease by controlling the risk factors related to the disease.

a. primary prevention

b. secondary prevention

c. tertiary prevention

d. none of the above

a. primary prevention

This level aims to prevent disease by controlling risk factors. Secondary and tertiary prevention focus on early detection and managing disease, respectively.

121. The maximum daily dosage of vitamin A considered safe for pregnant women is: a. 1,000 IU

b. 10,000 IU

c. 100,000 IU

d. 200,000 IU

b. 10,000 IU

This is the maximum safe daily dosage of vitamin A for pregnant women. The other amounts are incorrect.

122. After preparing several lectures, a Biochemistry professor goes to Taco Bell for a late night snack consisting of 2 burrito supremos (42g protein, 44g fat, and 86g carbohydrates) which he washes down with a 32oz. Fanta orange soda (120g carbohydrates). The total number of kcal in this snack is:

a. 576

b. 1168

c. 1388

d. 1598

d. 1598

The total kcal for the snack is 1598 (42g protein x 4 kcal/g + 44g fat x 9 kcal/g + 206g carbohydrates x 4 kcal/g). The other amounts are incorrect calculations.

123. A pregnant patient complains of chronic fatigue, difficulty in breathing (dyspnea), and a burning tongue. She has glossitis, hypochromic (low hemoglobin content), microcytic (small erythrocytes) anemia, and an abnormally rapid heart beat. The anemia can be most closely associated with a decrease in what serum protein?

a. albumin

b. transcuprein

c. ferritin

d. gamma globulin

c. ferritin

Ferritin is a protein that stores iron and releases it in a controlled fashion. Low ferritin levels are associated with iron deficiency anemia, which matches the symptoms described. Albumin, transcuprein, and gamma globulin are not directly related to iron storage.

124. The deficiency signs of this B vitamin show similar signs and symptoms with vitamin B12.

a. thiamin

b. niacin

c. folate

d. pantothenic acid

c. folate

Folate deficiency shows similar signs and symptoms to vitamin B12 deficiency, such as megaloblastic anemia. Thiamin, niacin, and pantothenic acid deficiencies present different symptoms

125. An elderly man shows large spots of bleeding into the skin, small hemorrhages around hair follicles, and receding gums. He should most probably be treated with an oral administration of:

a. ascorbic acid

b. riboflavin and niacin

c. folacin and cobalamin

d. pantothenic acid

a. ascorbic acid

The symptoms described are indicative of scurvy, which is caused by a deficiency in vitamin C (ascorbic acid). Riboflavin, niacin, folacin, cobalamin, and pantothenic acid deficiencies do not cause these specific symptoms.

126. A ____ guides decisions in order to achieve rational outcomes.

a. plan

b. policy

c. program

d. project

b. policy

A policy guides decisions to achieve rational outcomes. A plan, program, and project are more specific and operational in nature.

137. Good sources of provitamin A or carotene except:

a. camote tops

b. squash

c. carrot

d. egg yolk

d. egg yolk

Egg yolk is not a good source of provitamin A or carotene compared to camote tops, squash, and carrot.

138. The least toxic of the fat-soluble vitamins:

a. A

b. D

c. E

d. K

c. E

Vitamin E is the least toxic of the fat-soluble vitamins. Vitamins A, D, and K have higher toxicity levels.

139. All are macrominerals except:

a. sodium

b. zinc

c. sulfur

d. chloride

b. zinc

Zinc is a trace mineral, not a macromineral. Sodium, sulfur, and chloride are macrominerals.

140. A deficiency of these two nutrients leads to rickets in young children.

a. vitamin A and iron

b. vitamin D and calcium

c. vitamin D and zinc

d. vitamin A and magnesium

b. vitamin D and calcium

Deficiency in these nutrients leads to rickets in young children. Vitamin A, iron, zinc, and magnesium deficiencies do not cause rickets.

141. This mineral keeps iron in its more absorbable ferrous form.

a. copper

b. zinc

c. cobalt

d. chromium

a. copper

Copper helps keep iron in its more absorbable ferrous form. Zinc, cobalt, and chromium do not have this function.

142. Examples of the body's adaptive response to undernutrition except:

a. children having shorter play hours b. muscle wasting

c. stunted growth

d. decreased protein synthesis

d. decreased protein synthesis

Decreased protein synthesis is not an adaptive response to undernutrition. Shorter play hours, muscle wasting, and stunted growth are adaptive responses.

143. All are biological factors affecting growth except:

a. one's nutrition

b. one's age

c. one's genetic make-up

d. one's birth order

d. one's birth order

Birth order is not a biological factor affecting growth. Nutrition, age, and genetic make-up are biological factors.

144. It mostly comes from the hydrogenation of vegetable oils.

a. unsaturated fat

b. saturated fat

c. trans fat

d. brown fat

c. trans fat

Trans fats mostly come from the hydrogenation of vegetable oils. Unsaturated fats are typically liquid at room temperature, saturated fats are solid, and brown fat is a type of body fat.

145. It is known as the obesity index.

a. Waist-hip ratio

b. BMI

c. Skinfold thickness

d. Waist circumference

b. BMI

Body Mass Index (BMI) is known as the obesity index. Waist-hip ratio, skinfold thickness, and waist circumference are other measures but not specifically the obesity index.

150. Example of a demographic indicator:

a. dietary pattern

b. morbidity rate

c. family composition

d. food expenditure

c. family composition

Family composition is a demographic indicator. Dietary pattern, morbidity rate, and food expenditure are not demographic indicators.

152. Except for _____, these are effective tools to use in conducting nutrition education classes for mothers.

a. role playing

b. lecture

c. demonstration

d. case study

d. case study

Case studies are less effective for nutrition education classes compared to role playing, lectures, and demonstrations, which are more interactive and practical.

157. Using the WHO classification, an individual with a BMI of ____ is considered overweight.

a. <18.5

b. 18.5 - 24.99

c. ≥25.00

d. 30

c. ≥25.00

According to WHO, a BMI of 25.00 or higher is considered overweight. The other ranges are for underweight and normal weight.

158. Using the classification for Adult Asians, an individual with a BMI of ____ is considered overweight.

a. < 18.5

b. 18.5 - 22.99

c. 23 - 27.49

d. ≥27.5

c. 23 – 27.49

For Adult Asians, a BMI of 23 – 27.49 is considered overweight. The other ranges are for underweight, normal weight, and obesity.

159. Head circumference may be used: a. among toddlers 2-3 years old

b. among school children

c. among infants up to 1 year

d. in any age group since it is not age -dependent

c. among infants up to 1 year

Head circumference is used among infants up to 1 year. It is not typically used for toddlers, school children, or all age groups.

160. The critical cut-off point which indicates fat and muscle wasting among children 6 months - 5 years when Chest/Head Circumference Ratio is used:

a. C/H ratio = 1

b. C/H ratio <1

c. C/H ratio >1

d. C/H ratio >2

b. C/H ratio <1

A Chest/Head Circumference Ratio of less than 1 indicates fat and muscle wasting among children. Ratios of 1, greater than 1, and greater than 2 do not indicate this.

161. Using the waist circumference, the cut-off point which indicates obesity among females is:

a. 88 cm

b. >88 cm

c. >102 cm

d. <102

b. >88 cm

A waist circumference greater than 88 cm indicates obesity among females. The other values are incorrect cut-off points.

166. The recommended amount of energy per person per day in general ration is:

a. 1200 kcal

b. 1800 kcal

c. 1900 kcal

d. 2100 kcal

d. 2100 kcal

The recommended amount of energy per person per day in general ration is 2100 kcal. The other values are either too low or not standard for emergency situations3.

168. A substitute for ORESOL can be made at home by mixing 1 pinch of salt, 1 teaspoon sugar, and:

a. 1 glass tap water

b. 1 glass boiled water

c. 1 glass rain water from an open drum

d. 1 glass water from an open well

b. 1 glass boiled water

A substitute for ORESOL can be made with boiled water to ensure it is safe to drink. Tap water, rainwater, and well water may contain contaminants

171. A B-complex vitamin that is adequately provided in the Filipino diet is ____.

a. riboflavin

b. thiamin

c. niacin

d. pantothenic acid

d. pantothenic acid

Pantothenic acid is adequately provided in the Filipino diet. Riboflavin, thiamin, and niacin may not be as consistently adequate.

172. The food intake of Filipinos is adequate in:

a. roots and tubers

b. cereals

c. green and leafy vegetables

d. Fruits

b. cereals

The food intake of Filipinos is generally adequate in cereals. Roots and tubers, green and leafy vegetables, and fruits are less consistently adequate.

178. The weight-for-age results (in percent) for 6 - 10 year-old children are given below. What would be your conclusion based on these findings?

a. There are more underweight children.

b. Underweight is no longer a problem among this age group of children.

c. The prevalence of underweight among this age group of children is decreasing.

d. Overweight is now a big problem.

c. The prevalence of underweight among this age group of children is decreasing

The data shows a decrease in underweight children from 1998 to 2003. The other conclusions are incorrect based on the data provided.

180. The first law passed to regulate the practice of dietetics in the Philippines.

a. Science Act of the Philippines

b. Dietetic Law of the Philippines

c. Nutrition Act of the Philippines

d. Nutrition and Dietetic Decree

d. Nutrition and Dietetic Decree

The first law to regulate the practice of dietetics in the Philippines is the Nutrition and Dietetic Decree. The other options are incorrect.

181. This type of PEM is caused by early weaning from breastmilk and giving an inadequate infant formula.

a. marasmus

b. kwashiorkor

c. wasting

d. stunting

a. marasmus

Marasmus is caused by early weaning and inadequate infant formula, leading to severe undernutrition. Kwashiorkor is related to protein deficiency, wasting is a general term for severe weight loss, and stunting refers to impaired growth and development.

182. The growth chart of Mario shows an upward direction towards the reference line. How would you interpret this?

a. Mario is growing adequately.

b. Mario is not growing.

c. Mario is wasted.

d. Mario is growing very fast.

a. Mario is growing adequately

An upward direction towards the reference line on a growth chart indicates adequate growth. Not growing, being wasted, or growing very fast would show different patterns.

185. This statement best describes what "bioavailability" means:

a. It is the number of kilocalories present in foods.

b. It is the amount of a nutrient present in foods.

c. It is the amount of food available for consumption in a given area.

d. It is the amount of a nutrient present in foods that is absorbed by the body.

d. It is the amount of a nutrient present in foods that is absorbed by the body

Bioavailability refers to the proportion of a nutrient that is absorbed and utilized by the body. The other options describe different concepts related to food and nutrients.

186. Juana eats French fries and brownies occasionally. This practice demonstrates which principle in planning one's diet?

a. Balance

b. Moderation

c. Nutrient density

d. Variety

b. Moderation

Eating French fries and brownies occasionally demonstrates moderation, which means consuming foods in reasonable amounts. Balance, nutrient density, and variety refer to different dietary principles.

187. This Republic Act is intended to prevent iodine deficiency disorders in the country.

a. RA 2674

b. RA 1569

c. RA 8191

d. RA 8172

d. RA 8172

RA 8172, also known as the ASIN Law, is intended to prevent iodine deficiency disorders in the Philippines. The other Republic Acts are unrelated to iodine deficiency.

189. These can be considered complete proteins:

1. Casein in milk

2. Albumin in egg white

3. Legumin in legumes

4. Zein in corn

a. 1 & 2

b. 3 & 4

c. 2 & 3

d. 1 & 4

a. 1 & 2

Casein in milk and albumin in egg white are complete proteins, containing all essential amino acids. Legumin in legumes and zein in corn are incomplete proteins.

191. Angelo is 2 years old and enjoys eating; however, his mother is afraid of overfeeding him. How many times would you recommend that Angelo be fed per day?

a. 4 - 5 times

b. 5 - 6 times

c. 2 times

d. 3 times

a. 4 – 5 times

It is recommended that a 2-year-old be fed 4-5 times a day to meet their nutritional needs. Feeding 5-6 times, 2 times, or 3 times may not be as appropriate.

194. It is made from flour fortified with vitamin A and iron:

a. Pan de Bida

b. Pan de Sal

c. Nutri-bun

d. Nutri-bread

c. Nutri-bun

Nutri-bun is made from flour fortified with vitamin A and iron. Pan de Bida, Pan de Sal, and Nutri-bread are not specifically known for this fortification.

195. This symptom will manifest when a person is deficient in a vitamin:

a. stunted growth

b. loss of muscle tissues

c. bleeding gums

d. Anemia

c. bleeding gums

Bleeding gums are a symptom of vitamin C deficiency. Stunted growth, loss of muscle tissues, and anemia are symptoms of deficiencies in other nutrients.

198. It is not a good source of calcium:

a. butter

b. black beans

c. tokwa

d. canned bangus

a. butter

Butter is not a good source of calcium compared to black beans, tokwa (tofu), and canned bangus (milkfish), which contain higher amounts of calcium.

199. It refers to an eating disorder characterized by extreme weight loss, poor body image, and irrational fears of weight

gain and obesity.

a. eat and purge

b. bulimia nervosa

c. anorexia nervosa

d. none of the above

c. anorexia nervosa

Anorexia nervosa is characterized by extreme weight loss, poor body image, and irrational fears of weight gain and obesity1. “Eat and purge” is not a recognized term for an eating disorder, and bulimia nervosa involves binge eating followed by purging, not extreme weight loss.