AP english review

Exigence

The urgency or necessity that prompts communication or argument.

Audience

The group of people to whom a piece of writing or speech is directed.

Purpose

The reason for which something is done or created, typically the intended outcome.

Speaker

The individual or voice delivering the message or argument.

Context

The circumstances or setting surrounding a communication event.

Status Quo

The existing state of affairs or the current situation.

Rhetorical Choices

Decisions made by the speaker to enhance their argument and appeal to the audience.

Logos

An appeal to logic and reason.

Pathos

An appeal to emotions.

Ethos

An appeal to credibility and ethics.

Style

The distinctive manner of expression used by a writer or speaker.

Organization/Structure

The arrangement of the content and ideas in a piece of writing.

Argument

A statement or series of statements intended to convince.

Counterargument

An opposing viewpoint or argument presented to challenge the initial argument.

Qualify/Qualifier

A statement that limits or modifies the strength of a claim.

Claim

A statement that asserts something to be true.

Implicit

Something that is suggested but not explicitly stated.

Explicit

Something that is clearly and directly stated.

Evidence

Information or details that support a claim or argument.

Exemplify

To illustrate or clarify a concept by providing examples.

Anecdote

A short, personal story used to demonstrate a point.

Substantial

Considerable in quantity or importance.

Line of Reasoning

The logical progression of thought or argument.

Transitions

Words or phrases that connect ideas and allow for smooth flow of writing.

Call to Action

A statement that encourages the audience to take a specific action.

Narration

The act of telling a story or recounting events.

Description

A detailed portrayal of a person, place, thing, or event.

Definition

A statement that explains the meaning of a term.

Process Analysis

A method of writing that explains how to do something or how something works.

Cause/Effect

A method of writing that explains the reasons for an event and its consequences.

Compare/Contrast

A method of writing that examines similarities and differences.

Classification/Division

A method of writing that sorts ideas or items into categories.

Diction

The choice and use of words in writing or speech.

Tone Words

Words that convey the writer's or speaker's attitude towards the subject.

Imagery

Visually descriptive or figurative language used to create mental pictures.

Figurative Language

Language that uses figures of speech, such as similes and metaphors.

Syntax

The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences.

Clause

A group of words containing a subject and a verb.

Simple Sentence

A sentence containing a subject and a verb, expressing a complete thought.

Compound Sentence

A sentence that contains two independent clauses joined by a conjunction.

Complex Sentence

A sentence that contains an independent clause and at least one dependent clause.

Compound-Complex Sentence

A sentence that contains at least two independent clauses and one dependent clause.

Subordination

The act of linking clauses in a way that shows one is dependent on the other.

Coordination

The linking of clauses that are of equal importance.

Parallel Structure

The repetition of a chosen grammatical form within a sentence.