Unit 7: Global Conflict Test

What is WWI considered as?

First major event of the contemporary era, and is known as the "Great War" since it changed many things

How long did WWI last?

4 years, destroyed Europe's landscape and economy

What are the two side of WWI?

Allied Powers and Central Powers

What are the Allied Powers?

Britain, France, Russia, Serbia, and U.S. (BRUFS)

What are the Central Powers?

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria (GAHBO)

What are the long-term causes of WWI?

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism (MAIN)

What is the short-term cause of WWI?

Assassination

What did the Militarism cause of WWI consist of?

Rapidly building up your military

How did the Scientific Revolution impact the Militarism cause of WWI?

The constant fighting in Europe led to weapon innovation

Where did the imperial powers (Britain, France, and Russia) recruit their soldiers? (Militarism cause)

Recruited them from colonies

What was also built for the Militarism cause of WWI?

Navy's were built to protect the colonies overseas and merchant ships, also built naval bases (There are naval bases in the Philippines, Cuba, and Hawaii by the U.S.)

Who has the strongest military in WWI? (Militarism cause)

Britain and Germany, Germany tries to overtake Britain after unifying and gains more colonies/weapons to show off power

What were alliances originally used for?

There were common secret alliances in Europe to prevent war (deterrent)

What was the Triple Alliance?

Germany and Austria-Hungary, Germany had conflict with France and Austrians have conflict with Russia (becomes Central Powers, used to defend against rivalries)

What was the Triple Entente?

Britain, France, and Russia (do not get along), but they all dislike Germany (Becomes the Allied Powers)

What are the two type of Nationalism in WWI?

Pride and prestige and self determination

What is pride and prestige nationalism?

Patriotism, like Germany wanting to show that they are the best country

What is self determination nationalism?

Desire for self government in a group of people with the same ethnic origins, and political ideals, and language , like the people in the Balkans

Why would the Balkan people be an example of self determination nationalism?

They became independent from the OE, and Austrian-Hungary began to annex land there, making the Balkans wanting independence

What does Russia begin to do as Austrian-Hungary begins to annex land in the Balkans?

They also want the Balkans so they promote Pan-Slavism (the independence of the Balkan people) so that they can secretly take it for themselves

How is imperialism one of the causes for WWI?

Competition over land led to rivalries, and it provided raw materials for weapon/arms factories, can also gain colonies that allow them to recruit soldiers

What are some of the rivalries that stem off of imperialism?

Germany and France fight over Morocco, Russia and Austria fight over the Balkans

What initially lit the fuse that started WWI?

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip of the Black Hand on June 28th 1914

Why was there the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand? (PART ONE)

There was lots of nationalism by Serbia ("Serbs"), some Serbs live in Bosnia and want to be part of Serbia, but Austria annexes Bosnia

Why was there the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand? (PART TWO)

Ferdinand then visits the capital of Bosnia and while touring many people attempt to assassinate him and eventually Gavrilo Princip was successful, the Serbs wanted to show how angry they were

How does Austria respond to the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand?

They blame Serbia for killing Archduke and declare war on Serbia on July 28 1914

How does Germany respond to the assassination?

They pledge their support for Austria-Hungry (allied)

How does Russia respond to the assassination?

They defend Serbia against Austria so that they can claim the land themselves

What does Germany do to Russia after the assassination?

They declare war on Russia on August 1, 1914

What does France do after the assassination?

Pledge support for Russia (allied)

How does Germany respond to France joining the battle after the assassination?

Germany declares war on France (Schlieffen Plan, Germany would attack France through Belgium)

What does Germany do on their way to attack France?

Germany goes around the mountains and invade Belgium

What does Great Britain do after Germany invades Belgium?

GB is allied with Belgium and declares war on Germany

Collectively, after the assassination who is against who?

It is Austria, Germany, OE, Bulgaria vs. Serbia, Russia, France, GB

What do soldiers think of the war at the beginning of WWI?

They are excited to go out into battle because they think he war will end quickly

What happens in the first few months of WWI?

There is only offensive strategies by both sides (used machine guns) but no defensive so 1000s of people die

What do both sides of WWI do to stop people from dying by machine guns?

Used trench-warfare on the western front, dug holes to protect themselves against the bullets

What is "no man's land"?

The space between the trenches, was very dangerous with it having many mines planted in underground tunnels

What was life like in the trenches?

Very hard, people got trench-foot, diseases, lack of hygiene, rats, lice, and had poor food

What did the trenches produce?

Stalemate- a deadlock where neither side gains any ground and no one wins, they are stuck in the trenches

What happened as a result of both sides using the trenches?

A war of attrition, a long drawn out war that is meant to wear down the other side gradually through the loss of soldiers and resources

Where are the trenches located?

Between Northern France and Belgium (NOT located on the eastern front by Russia)

What is different about WWI from the previous world wars?

There hasn't been industrial warfare on this scale

What are some of the new industrial weapons that are introduced in WWI?

Machine gun, tank, poison gas, airplanes, German submarines, German zeppelin

What are tanks used for?

Made by the British, used to break the stalemate and have weapons

Who made poison gas?

Germany make gas bombs that are thrown in the trenches causing suffocation, causing gas masks to be apart of the official uniform

What are airplanes used for?

Used for reconnaissance (military observation of a region to get info. on where the enemy is), and fires at enemy airplanes (dog fight)

What are German submarines used for?

Torpedos enemy ships

What are German zeppelins used for?

Hot air balloons that drop bombs

WWI is considered to be the first...

Total War, meaning that all people in society is doing something to contribute to the war effort

What do the woman do in WWI as men were getting drafted?

They are left behind to work in factories, and the govt. tells the factories what tools they need to make to aid in the war

What are woman told to do by the govt. during WWI?

To ration food and energy, and are told to grown their own food

What do woman get as a reward for helping out in the war?

They are rewarded with the right to vote as a thanks to their patriotism

What did the govt. do to make sure the home front supports the war efforts by their country?

Put out propaganda to make the enemies look bad, censored info. on lost battles, and RESTRICTS CIVIL RIGHTS (like people getting arrested for free speech)

Why does Japan join the war and what side are they on?

Japan joins the Allied Powers so that they can take German land in Asia, they create a protectorate on China (made 21 demands, means that China is controlled by Japan), motivated by IMPERIALISM

Where are battles also taking place in WWI?

German land in Africa, it is attacks by the Allied Powers and they successfully gain Togo but fighting persists in Cameroon

Who is fighting in the African battles during WWI?

Colonial soldiers (Indian, African, Arab), an eventually after WWI Germany loses their colonies in Africa

Where is Gallipoli?

A peninsula in the OE

Who tries to take Gallipoli?

Winston Churchill (prime minister of UK, ALLIED power) tries to take it in order to send supplies to Russia

What happens when the Allied Powers go to Gallipoli to overtake it?

They are met with Ottoman soldiers which turns into a 9-month battle known as the Battle of Gallipoli and the Allies lose making the Allied Powers and Churchill feel humiliated

What soldiers fight in the Battle of Gallipoli?

Colonial ANZAC (Australia, New Zealand, and Canada) soldiers and 250k die in the battle

What occurs after the death of many colonial soldiers at the Battle of Gallipoli?

Colonies start considering in becoming independent and WEAKENS IMPERIAL TIES between the British and their colonies

What group in the OE is involved in a genocide during WWI?

Armenians, the only Christian group in the OE and do not get along with the Turks

What does the OE accuse the Armenians of doing?

Believed they were sending Ottoman secrets to Russia, which begins a state-sponsored genocide so that they can be monitored 1915-1917

How were the Armenians killed in the Armenian genocide?

1 million were drowned, starved, incinerated and killed during the forced migrations

Who are the Arabs in the Middle East originally controlled by?

Controlled by OE, and the Arabs want self determination which is supported by Britain

What do the British secretly keep from the Arabs that they are supporting?

They sign the Sykes-Picot Agreement meaning that after WWI France, British and Russia (gets Armenia) would split up the land and the Arabs feel betrayed

On top of the Sykes-Picot agreement, what to the British also sign?

Balfour Declaration, meaning that one day the British would create a state for the Jewish people in Palestine

What happens to Russia during WWI?

Russians began to starve and a communist revolution began ran by communist Vladimir Lenin who successfully overthrows the Czar Nicholas and pledges to make Russia communist

What does Vladimir do after taking control over Russia?

Signs the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in 1918 with Germany allowing Russia to withdraw from WWI

What is the impact of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?

It makes it easier for Central Powers since they don't have to split their army anymore, but it looks bad for the Allied powers

How many combatants died in WWI?

Fifteen million

What was the motto for Americans?

"To make the world safe for democracy"

What were naval blockades?

Used by Great Britain and France to prevent nations from trading with their enemies which broke international law

How did the U.S. feel about the war in the beginning?

They were neutral in the war thinking it was a European conflict which was agreed by Woodrow Wilson (Pres. of United States)

What event first happened that started influencing the American public opinion in entering the war?

The sinking of Lusitania, a British ship that was torpedoed by a German ship, 100 Americans die on the ship

What second event happened that started influencing the American public opinion in entering the war?

The Zimmerman Telegraph was discovered, where Germany proposes an alliance with Mexico, with Mexico invading the U.S. and becoming a Central Power

What event officially convinced congress for the U.S. to join WWI?

Germany begins to use their U-boats to torpedo American ships in the Atlantic without warning between feb-march 1917 which is seen as direct German agression

How were the Allied powers impacted when the U.S. joined WWI?

It strengthens the Allied Powers in war

Who are the Doughboys?

American soldiers who join WWI

How impacted are the U.S. by WWI?

They have the least casualties and damages because they joined late

Why do the Central Powers (specifically Austria and Germany) start weakening which leads to them surrendering?

The British have a blockade in Germany meaning resources are unable to come through, lack of resources make them more susceptible to the influenza pandemic which was brought in by doughboys

Why is influenza also called the "spanish flu"?

Every country in the war was censoring info. but not Spain, and spread the word that disease was spreading

How were people dying all over the world even after the war had ended?

Soldiers brought back the influenza , which caused more deaths than ones in the war

After the Central Powers weaken, who surrenders?

After one final German attack, the Allies push back Germans spring 1918, after Bulgaria surrenders in Sept., OE sign armistice in Oct., A-H surrenders Nov., Germany signs armistice Nov. 11 1918

What was the Paris Peace Conference?

Allies came together in a big meeting in Versailles Paris to establish the terms of peace after WWI

What does Woodrow Wilson want in the Paris Peace Conference?

He is very idealistic, and writes the 14 points that tries to fix all problem that led up to the war (demilitarizing, no imperialism, no secret alliances, and allowing countries to get independence)

What does David Lloyd George (British PM) and George Clemenceau (French PM) want in the Paris Peace Conference?

They are not focused on fixing the causes of war, and instead want to enact harsh punishment on Germany and collect their money

What does Vittorio Orlando (Italy PM) want in the Paris Peace Conference?

Want the border of Italy to be redrawn so they have some Austrian land

Who is not invited to the Paris Peace Conference?

Germany, and Russia does not have representatives since they withdrew from the war

What is Woodrow Wilson's fourteenth point in his fourteen points?

He wants an international peace keeping organization promoting diplomacy to prevent future conflict (League of Nations), he really wants this point so he gives in to what the British and French say

What does the Treaty of Versailles say?

They demilitarize Germany, loses its colonies, must pay war debts to Allies, and must publicly acknowledge that they started the war

Who does not like the Treaty of Versailles?

Italy is not happy because they didn't get much land in Austria, and Japan + Italy ally together

What happens to the League of Nations?

There are no rules or consequences so it is ineffective, and the U.S. senate does not agree to join causing Woodrow Wilson to get a stroke

What happens after the OE collapses?

The Republic of Turkey is made under Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk)

What is Mustafa Kemal's goal for the Republic of Turkey?

He wants to modernize and securlize the Republic of Turkey by building secular schools, woman having the right to vote, and having state-sponsored industry (ends up becoming a some-what dictator)

What is the mandate system established by the League of Nations?

Colonies of Germany and the OE go to Britain and France through the Sykes Picot agreement because they believe their colonies are not advanced enough and cant have self determination (Woodrow :( )

What happens to Europe by the end of WWI?

Lots of damage is done to their power and prestige, and there is economic damage done due to inflation, debt, loss of foreign investments, and markets

What begins as a result of WWI?

Begins decolonization process (especially in Africa, Asia and Pacific)

What grows as a result of WWI?

Accelerates the growth of nationalism, which the U.S. is a supporter of