microwave

lymphocyte

Label cell type A

eosinophil

Label cell type B

monocyte

Label cell type C

basophil

Label cell type D

neutrophil

Label cell type E

aortic arch

Label structure A (heart)

pulmonary trunk

Label structure B (heart)

left atrium

Label structure C (heart)

right atrium

Label structure D (heart)

left ventricle

Label structure E (heart)

right ventricle

Label structure F (heart)

inferior vena cava

Label structure G (heart)

cardiac muscle

Label muscle/muscle fiber type A

skeletal muscle

Label muscle/muscle fiber type B

C

Which letter indicates the region of the spleen that is composed mostly of lymphocytes?

C

Here are three blood vessels. Assuming that the difference in pressure along the length is the same for each, which would have the greatest blood flow?

thyroid hormone

A newly developed pesticide has been observed to bind to an intracellular hormone receptor. If ingested, residue from this pesticide could disrupt levels of

Adenylyl cyclase will not be activated.

A small molecule binds to a G protein, preventing its activation. What direct effect will this have on signaling that involves cAMP?

neural

A student is in a car accident and, although not hurt, immediately experiences pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and rapid breathing. What type of endocrine system stimulus did the student receive?

nerve axons

The hypothalamus is functionally and anatomically connected to the posterior pituitary lobe by a bridge of

TSH

Which of the following is an anterior pituitary hormone?

ADH

Which of the following hormones contributes to the regulation of the body's fluid and electrolyte balance?

there is an excessive accumulation of colloid in the thyroid follicles

The development of a goiter indicates that

the activity of osteoclasts

When blood calcium levels are low, PTH stimulates

reduced mental activity

Which of the following responses is not part of the fight-or-flight response?

glucagon

If an autoimmune disorder targets the alpha cells, production of which hormone would be directly affected?

Insulin facilitates the movement of intracellular glucose transporters to the cell membrane.

Which of the following statements about insulin is true?

increase blood pressure

The end result of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-System is to

blood oxygen levels

Athletes may take synthetic EPO to boost their

Epinephrine, a water-soluble hormone, binds to a receptor in the plasma membrane of the target cell.

Which statement correctly describes the interaction between a hormone and its target cell?

neural; the stimulus ending

The stimulus for oxytocin release is a _______ stimulus, and oxytocin release will be terminated by ________.

humoral

Elevated blood glucose levels stimulate cells of the pancreas to secrete the hormone insulin. The pancreas is responding to which type of stimulus?

The posterior pituitary releases oxytocin into the blood in response to action potentials from the hypothalamus

Select the correct statement regarding hypothalamus and pituitary interactions.

growth hormone; stimulates growth, especially skeletal muscle and bone

Which anterior pituitary hormone is correctly paired with its effect?

cortisol; increases blood glucose level

Which adrenal gland hormone is correctly paired with one of its effects?

atrial natriuretic peptide

The heart produces ______, which reduces blood volume and blood pressure.

important anabolic hormone; many of its effects mediated by IGFs

growth hormone

stimulates milk production

prolactin

tropic hormone that stimulates the gonads to secrete sex hormones

leutinizing hormone

increases uterine contractions during birth, secreted by posterior pituitary

oxytocin

major metabolic hormones of the body

T4 and T3

causes reabsorption of sodium ions by kidneys, only steroid hormone on list,

aldosterone

tropic hormone that stimulates thyroid gland to secrete thyroid hormone

TSH

secreted by posterior pituitary, causes kidneys to conserve water &/salt

antidiuretic hormone

increase heart rate, increase blood pressure, dilate the bronchioles, and decrease digestive activity

A hypodermic injection of epinephrine would

depression of CNS & lethargy

Absence of thyroid hormone would result in

erythrocytes

Identify the most numerous formed elements in blood.

The biconcave shape provides a greater surface area relative to the cell volume.

Select a structural characteristic of a red blood cell that contributes to its gas transport function

erythropoietin

Inadequate blood oxygen levels causes the kidneys to release which chemical messenger?

The kidneys fail to produce enough erythropoietin, a hormone needed for red blood cell production.

Which of the following best explains why patients with advanced kidney disease often develop anemia?

neutrophil & monocyte (a & e)

Are or become important phagocytes

eosinophil, basophil, neutrophil (b, d, e)

Granulocytes.

lymphocyte (a)

Abundant in lymph nodes and in the spleen.

basophil

Granule contents similar to those of mast cells

eosinophil

Which leukocyte kills parasitic worms by releasing enzymes from cytoplasmic granules?

megakaryocytic

Platelets develop from which precursor cells?

1) vascular spasm, (2) platelet plug formation, (3) coagulation

Correctly order the three steps of hemostasis.

thrombocytopenia

Which bleeding disorder results from not having enough platelets?

type A

Which ABO blood type has red blood cells with type A antigens (agglutinogens) on their external surface and anti-B antibodies (agglutinins) in the blood plasma?

AB negative

A blood sample agglutinates (clumps) with anti-A and anti-B sera, but not with anti-Rh (D) serum. Which blood type does this test reveal?

basophil

The white blood cell that releases histamine and other inflammatory chemicals is the

copper, zinc, and vitamin B12

The production of healthy erythrocytes depends upon the availability of ________.

diapedesis

The process by which leukocytes squeeze through adjacent cells in a blood vessel wall is called

basophils

A patient has been experiencing severe, persistent allergy symptoms that are reduced when she takes an antihistamine. Before the treatment, this patient was likely to have had increased activity of which leukocyte?

an Rh− person is carrying a second Rh+ fetus

Hemolytic disease of the newborn is a risk during a subsequent pregnancy in which

The rapid breakdown of defective erythrocytes releases large amounts of hemoglobin, which is converted into bilirubin.

Why does a patient with thalassemia often develop jaundice and have high bilirubin levels?

The blood sample underwent clotting, and the serum separated from the clot.

A lab technician collects a blood sample in a glass tube. After about an hour, she harvests serum to continue her blood analysis. What happened to the blood sample in the glass tube that allowed the lab technician to harvest serum?

Type O negative, because it lacks A and B antigens, making it the universal donor.

In an emergency situation where a patient's blood type is unknown, which type of blood is transfused and why?

Severe burns trigger an immune response, increasing white blood cell production to fight infection and aid healing

Why is leukocytosis an expected finding in a patient with a severe burn injury?

tricuspid valve

Which heart valve prevents backflow into the right atrium?

The left ventricle wall is thicker than the right ventricle wall

Which of the following statements is true?

pulmonary trunk

Which structure does the right ventricle pumps blood into?

cardiac muscle

refractory period is almost as long as the contraction

skeletal muscle

source of calcium for contraction in only sarcoplasmic reticulum

Intercalated discs connect adjacent muscle cells.

Which anatomical or physiological feature correctly describes cardiac muscle and not skeletal muscle?

sinoatrial node

Which component of the conduction system normally sets the pace for the heart as a whole?

QRS complex

Identify the component of the ECG that corresponds to depolarization of the ventricles.

the semilunar valves open

What happens when the ventricular pressure exceeds the aortic pressure?

end diastolic volume

Which term refers to the volume of blood remaining in a ventricle after contraction?

increased preload

Select the factor that increases cardiac output.

tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar, bicuspid, aortic semilunar

Which of the following lists the valves in the order through which the blood flows from the vena cava through the heart?

Only cardiac muscle is capable of autorhythmicity

Which of the following is unique to cardiac muscle cells?

calcium

The influx of which ion accounts for the plateau phase?

None of the above; atrial repolarization is masked by ventricular depolarization

Which portion of the ECG corresponds to repolarization of the atria?

closing of the atrioventricular valves

The first heart sound represents which portion of the cardiac cycle?

afterload

The force the heart must overcome to pump blood is known as ________.

it increases

What happens to preload when there is venous constriction in the veins?

right upper limb

Which body region drains lymph into the right lymphatic duct?

interstitial fluid that has entered the lymphatic vesicles

What is lymph?

reticular cells

Which lymphoid cells produce the lymphoid tissue stroma?

thymus

Select the example of a primary lymphoid organ.

red bone marrow

Where do B lymphocytes mature to become immunocompetent lymphocytes?

there are more afferent vessels feeding the node than efferent vessels draining it

Which statement is correct regarding lymph node structure?

It removes bloodborne pathogens and old, defective red blood cells.

What is a function of the spleen?

wall of the small intestine

Where are Peyer's patches located?

it is a bilobed organ prominent in newborns

Select the correct description of the thymus.

It's the primary lymphoid organ where T cells become immunocompetent.

Which phrase correctly characterizes the thymus?

transport leaked plasma protiens and fluids to the cardiovascular system

Lymphatic vessels

greater fluid pressure in the interstitial space

Entry of lymph into the lymphatic capillaries is promoted by which of the following

reticular tissue

The structural framework of lymphoid organs is