gonads and pancreas

Alpha cells/ glucagon cells

Secrete glucagon between meals/ when blood glucose concentration falls below 100mg/dL

Glucagon

2 primary actions

1) glycogenolysis

2) gluconeogenesis

Both raise blood glucose level

Stimulates fat catabolism and release of free fatty acids in adipose tissue

Secreted in response to high protein meal

Promotes amino acid absorption provide cells raw material

Glycogenolysis

Breakdown of glycogen into glucose

Gluconeogenesis

Synthesis of glucose from fats and proteins

Beta cells/ insulin cells

Secrete 2 hormones

Insulin and amyloid

When blood nutrients increase, secrete insulin to help transport of nutrients into cells

Insulin hormone

Hormone of nutrient abundance

Secreted during and after meal when blood nutrient levels are srising

Osteocalcin and lipocalin 2

From osteoblasts of bone

Stimulate multiplication of beta cells

Insulin secretion, and insulin sensitivity of other body tissues

Pancreatic islet (islets of Langerhans)

Small cluster of endocrine cells in pancrease that secretes insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin

Pancreas

Endocrine gland also acts as exocrine gland

Posterior to stomach

Glycemic

Blood glucose concentration

Hypo-lower

Hyper-heighten

Ovary gland

Secrete progesterone and estrogen (estradiol and inhibit)

Corpus luteum: progesterone

Testes

Have intestinal endocrine cells

Interstitial endocrine cells

Located between seminiferous tubules of testis

Endocrine that secrete testosterone

Gonads

Ovary

Testes

Both endocrine and exocrin glands