Chapter 6: LTM: Structure

Reference: "Cognitive Psychology Connecting mind, Research and Everyday experience" Goldstein, E.B. (2019)

autobiographical memory 164

memory for specific experiences from our life, can include episodic and semantic components

classical conditioning 172

occurs when the following two stimuli are paired: i. a neutral stimulus that initially does not result in a response and ii. a conditioning stimulus that does result in a response

coding 157

the form in which stimuli are represented

explicit memory 168

memories we are aware of; conscious use of memory

hippocampus 160

A neural center located in the limbic system that helps process explicit memories for storage

implicit memory 168

memories we aren't aware of

long term memory 152

the system that is responsible for storing information for long periods of time

mental time travel 162

the experience of traveling back in time to reconnect with events that happened in the past

personal semantic memory 164

semantic components of autobiographical memory; they are facts associated with our personal experiences

primacy effect 154

the finding that subjects are more likely to remember words presented at the beginning of a sequence

priming 170

occurs when the presentation of one stimulus (prime stim) changes the way a person responds to another stimulus (test stim)

procedural memory 168

also called skill memory because it is memory for doing things that usually involve learned skills

propaganda effect 171

subjects are more likely to rate statements they have read or heard before as being true, simply because they have been exposed to them before. this effect can occur even when the person is told that the statement is false when they first hear or read them. involves implicit memory

recency effect 156

the better memory for the stimuli presented at the end of a sequence

recognition memory 158

the identification of a stimulus that was encountered earlier

release from proactive interference 158

a memory phenomenon in which proactive interference is reduced when a person switches to a new stimulus category, leading to increased recall

proactive interference

a concept stating that people have trouble learning new material because previously learned material keeps interfering with new learning

remember/know procedure 165

familiarity (semantic memory) (know response): the person seems familiar and you might remember his name, but you cant remember any details about specific experiences involving that person.
recollection (episodic memory) (remember response): remembering specific experiences related to that person

repetition priming 170

one type of priming that occurs when the test stimulus is the same as or resembles the priming stimulus

semanticization of remote memory 166

loss of episodic detail for memories of long-ago events

serial position curve 154

the percentage pf subjects recalling a word versus its position in a list; results are plotted on a graph like a curve

skill memory 168

also called procedural memory because it is memory for doing things that usually involve learned skills

korsakoff's syndrome

a condition caused by prolonged vitamin B1 deficiency that leads to destruction of areas on the frontal and temporal lobes that causes severe impairments in memory

recognition memory

identifying a stimulus that was encountered earlier

stimuli are presented during a study period and then, later, the same stimuli plus other, new stimuli are presented

the participants' task is to pick the stimuli that were originally presented.

state dependent learning

learning associated with a particular internal state