fast acting antihypertensives used in emergencies

nitroglycerin, hydralazine, labetalol, nicardipine, esmolol, clonidine

fast acting antihypertensives used in emergencies

• sublingual/IV

• IV/IM

• IV

• IV

• IV

• Oral

ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION:

• nitroglycerin: [?']

• hydralazine: [?]

• labetalol: [?]

• nicardipine: [?]

• esmolol: [?]

• clonidine: [[?]

1-3 minutes

onset of nitroglycerin

5-15 mins

onset of hydralazine

2-5 minutes

onset of labetalol

5-15 mins

onset of nicardipine

<5 mins

onset of esmolol

30-60 mins

onset of clonidine

angina, hypertensive emergencies

case needed to use nitroglycerin

hypertensive emergencies (esp. in pregnancies)

case needed to use hydralazine

hypertensive crisis

case needed to use labetalol

hypertensive emergencies

case needed to use nicardipine

aortic dissection, perioperative HTN

case needed to use esmolol

urgent BP lowering (off-label)

case needed to use clonidine

• nitrate

• direct vasodilator

• betablocker

• CCB

• short acting beta blocker

• a2 agonist

CLASSES:

• nitroglycerin: [?]

• hydralazine: [?]

• labetalol: [?]

• nicardipine: [?]

• esmolol: [?]

• clonidine: [?]