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Sample Injection
A small amount of the liquid sample is injected into the inlet, where it is vaporised.
Carrier Gas Transport
An inert gas (e.g. helium, nitrogen) acts as the mobile phase.
It carries the vaporised sample through the column.
Column Separation
The column contains the stationary phase: a liquid coating on an inert solid support.
The column is coiled in an oven at a controlled temperature.
Partitioning
As the mixture travels through the column, compounds partition (distribute) between the mobile phase and the liquid stationary phase.
Components that interact less with the stationary phase pass through faster.
Components that interact more are retained longer
Detection
A detector (usually a flame ionisation detector, FID) monitors compounds as they exit the column.
A signal is sent to a computer, which produces a chromatogram (a graph of detector response vs time.
Order of Steps
1) Sample Injection
2) Carrier Gas Transport
3) Column Separation
4) Partitioning
5) Detection