Science Final Exam

Animal Tissue

Connective, Epithelial, Muscle, and Nervous

Cell

Smallest unit of organization in all organisms

Tissue

Group of cells that share similar structure and function

Organ

Group of tissues that preform specialized functions

Organ System

Group of organs that work together to accomplish a function

Connective Tissue

Cells embedded in an extracellular matrix

Loose, Dense, Bone, Cartilage, and Blood

Epithelial Tissue

Forms the skin and lining of lungs and blood vessels

Muscle Tissue

Generates movement, pumps fluid, and moves substances

Nervous Tissue

Stores and transmits information

Digestive System

Absorbs food for body function

Circulatory System

Transports nutrients and gasses to the tissues

Respiratory System

Site of gas exchange between environment and circulatory system

Immune System

Attacks pathogens that threaten the body

Urinary System

Filtering and transporting waste out of the body

Endocrine System

Regulates body activities by releasing hormones

Reproductive Systems

Male- produces semen

Female- produces eggs

Nervous System

Control center of the body and stores information

Integumentary System

Provides protection/barrier between internal and external organs

Skeletal System

Supports and protects the body and internal organs

Muscular System

Enables movement of the body, blood, and food

Homeostasis

Body’s ability to maintain a stable, balanced internal environment

Hyperthermia and Hypothermia

Hyperthermia- Body temp is too high

Hypothermia- Body temp is too low

Negative Feedback

Sensors detect change in the internal environment and trigger effectors to oppose or reduce the change

Positive Feedback

A change away from conditions normally found in the body causes an increase or acceleration of the change

Endotherms

Generate heat within their own bodies

Humans

Ectotherms

Get their heat from the environment

Evolution

Change in allele frequency in a population one generation to the next

Mutation

Alteration of the base-pair sequence of an individual’s DNA

Components of evolution

Genetic Variation and Selection

Natural Selection

Change in allele frequency that occurs when individuals with one version of a heritable trait have greater reproductive success than individuals with different versions

Charles Darwin

Independently identified process of evolution by natural selection on Galapagos Islands, and wrote a book about descent with modification

Alfred Russel Wallace

Independently identified process of evolution by natural selection