The Early Hellenic World and the Achaemenid Empire

Who was the first civilization in crete

minoans

Where were the myceneans from

They were greek speaking indo-europeans

What were the Minoans known for

They had a symbol of a Minotaur, and they engaged in Mediterranean trade

What group of people have an undecifered language

Linear A, which is still undeciphered is from the minoan people of crete

What were the palace complexes of the minoans

They were called Knossos

Who did the mycenaean people take over

The minoan people

Who was a well known mycenaean king

Agamemnon- left a death mask

When did the greek dark age begin and what caused it

the greek dark age begins in 1200 BCE and lasts until 750BCE, it was majorly caused by the sea people raides, which disrupts mycenaean soceity

How did the Mycenaean society change during the dark age

Their society was divided into small monarchies, which then became aristocracies, started recovering in 800BCE

What major event happened during 750BCE

The greek people develop Polis and city-states, leading to the rise of classical Greek civilization.

Hoplite revolution

A new form of warfare, characterized by heavily armed infantry whom fought in a close formation.

Who was cyrus the great

He was a Persian king who conquered most of mesopotamia, egypt and indus valley.

When did persia establish themselves

Around 900BCE

What did Darius the first do

Darius was a Persian king who ruled around 522-486 BCE. He established provinces ruled by satraps, who were local governors. He also built the royal road in Mesopotamia, allowing for trade.

What was the major issue for Cyrus Empire

It was spread too thin, he conquered a large amount of area which made it difficult to maintain control and defend against rebellions.

How is Cyrus different than other kings

Cyrus the Great is known for his unique approach to governance, emphasizing tolerance and respect for the customs and religions of the lands he conquered, unlike many contemporary rulers who ruled with an iron fist.

Where was a Polis usually made?

In ancient Greece, a polis was typically established around a fortified acropolis, which overlokked a marketplace and the surrounding country side. Usuallt these were on hilltops.

What was the governing structure of the greek Polis?

Usually it was made of a citizen body (males only) a council (boule) which was the main body and magistrates. These societies also always had slaves.

Why was Sparta special?

It was known for its unique military-oriented society, rigorous training of its citizens, and the dual monarchy system, unlike other city-states in Greece. Most of the population were slaves.

Who was athens a major rival to?

SPARTAAAAAA

What was special about Athens?

In 508BCE there were the reforms of cleisthenes which introduces Athenian Democracy, initially athens was an oligarchy.

What major extremes did Sparta and Athens represent

Athens expanded its governing power to included more citezins because of backlash. Sparta kept their political rulership because of force. Many polis fall in between these extremes.

When were the greco-persian wars

basically 500BCE 450BCE

Why did the Greco-Persian wars begin

These wars began because the Greeks aided a city state that was being taken over by Persia. This angers Persia and Darius 1st wants to invade Greece.

What was the delian leage

The delian leage was formed between city state as an alliance against persia if they decide to try and threaten ionian greeks this was formed in 478

WHen was the golden age of Athens

The golden age of athens was arounf 478 BCE when the delian league was formed. Athen produced art and plays and dramas

What were the peoloponesian wars

Honestly major war between Athenian aliance and Peloponnesian league. In the end Athens is defeated and “Thirty Tyrants rule”. Athenian empire never really recoveres, and polis weakened creates a power vaccum

WHEN WERE THE PELOPONESSIAN WARS

430BCE

Who was phillip the 2nd

Macedonian king who reformed army phalanx with sarissa(spears) made many marriage alliances

What was the league of corinth

The leauge of corinth was a league created by phillip the 2nd after the battle of Chaneronea

How did phillip the 2nd die

Around 336 BCE he was murdered by his body guard

Who succeeds philip the 2nd

Alexander the Great