ap psychologie sensation

Front: Transduction

Back: The process of converting sensory stimuli into neural impulses that the brain can interpret.

Front: Sensory adaptation

Back: The diminished sensitivity to a constant stimulus over time.

Front: Cocktail party effect

Back: The ability to focus on a specific auditory stimulus while filtering out background noise.

Front: Synesthesia

Back: A condition where one sense is perceived as another, such as seeing sounds or tasting colors.

Front: Prosopagnosia

Back: The inability to recognize faces due to brain damage.

Front: Wavelengths

Back: The distance between peaks of light or sound waves, determining color in vision and pitch in hearing.

Front: Accommodation

Back: The process by which the eye’s lens changes shape to focus on near or far objects.

Front: Nearsightedness

Back: A condition where nearby objects are clear, but distant objects appear blurry.

Front: Farsightedness

Back: A condition where distant objects are clear, but nearby objects appear blurry.

Front: Retina

Back: The light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing photoreceptors.

Front: Thalamus

Back: The brain’s sensory relay center that processes sensory information before it reaches the cortex.

Front: Photoreceptors

Back: Specialized cells in the retina that detect light.

Front: Cones

Back: Photoreceptor cells that detect color and function best in bright light.

Front: Rods

Back: Photoreceptor cells that detect black, white, and gray, and function best in low light.

Front: Ganglion cells

Back: Neurons in the retina that send visual information to the brain via the optic nerve.

Front: Blind spot

Back: The point where the optic nerve leaves the eye, lacking photoreceptors.

Front: Trichromatic theory

Back: The theory that color vision is based on three types of cones sensitive to red, green, and blue.

Front: Afterimages

Back: Visual images that persist after the stimulus is removed.

Front: Dichromatism

Back: A type of color blindness where only two cone types function properly.

Front: Monochromatism

Back: A rare form of color blindness where only shades of gray are perceived.

Front: Opponent-process theory

Back: A color vision theory stating that colors are perceived in opposing pairs (red-green, blue-yellow).

Front: Amplitude

Back: The height of a wave, determining brightness in vision or loudness in hearing.

Front: Frequency

Back: The number of wave cycles per second, determining pitch in sound.

Front: Loudness

Back: The perception of sound intensity, influenced by amplitude.

Front: Pitch

Back: The perception of a sound’s highness or lowness, determined by frequency.

Front: Sound localization

Back: The brain’s ability to determine the direction of a sound source.

Front: Place theory

Back: A theory stating that different frequencies of sound waves activate different areas of the cochlea.

Front: Conduction deafness

Back: Hearing loss caused by damage to the outer or middle ear, preventing sound waves from reaching the inner ear.

Front: Nerve deafness

Back: Also known as sensorineural deafness, it results from damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve.

Front: Sensorineural deafness

Back: Hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea or auditory nerve, often permanent.

Front: Gate control theory

Back: The theory that pain signals can be blocked or allowed to pass through a “gate” in the spinal cord.

Front: Taste receptors

Back: Sensory receptors on the tongue that detect different flavors.

Front: Supertasters

Back: People with an increased number of taste buds, making them highly sensitive to flavors.

Front: Nontasters