8 Stages of Lifespan Development and Identity Theories

What is the first stage of Erikson's lifespan development?

Basic Trust vs. Mistrust

What develops when basic needs are met in infancy?

Basic trust

What emotions emerge when mistrust develops in infancy?

Fear, anxiety, and feelings of unpredictability

What is the second stage of Erikson's lifespan development?

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

What is a key outcome of successful autonomy development in toddlers?

Independence and self-restraint

What can lead to feelings of shame and doubt in toddlers?

Parents doing everything for the child

What is the third stage of Erikson's lifespan development?

Initiative vs. Guilt

What is the positive outcome of the initiative stage?

A sense of purpose and capability

What can result from a child being criticized during the initiative stage?

Guilt and self-doubt

What is the fourth stage of Erikson's lifespan development?

Industry vs. Inferiority

What skills are developed during the industry stage?

Life skills, social skills, and academic skills

What can lead to feelings of inferiority in children?

Lack of confidence in performing specific skills

What is the fifth stage of Erikson's lifespan development?

Identity vs. Confusion

What is essential for developing a strong identity?

Reflection and observation of oneself

What is an identity crisis?

A temporary period of confusion, doubt, and distress regarding one's identity

What is the sixth stage of Erikson's lifespan development?

Intimacy vs. Isolation

What is the goal of the intimacy stage?

Finding a partner who shares interests and values

What can result from an inability to find an intimate partner?

Isolation

What is the seventh stage of Erikson's lifespan development?

Generativity vs. Stagnation

What is the eighth stage of Erikson's lifespan development?

Ego Integrity vs. Despair

What does Erikson mean by 'crisis' in his theory?

A challenge that prompts exploration of identity and alternatives

What are Marcia's identity statuses?

Diffusion, Foreclosure, Moratorium, and Achievement

What characterizes the diffusion status?

Lack of both exploration and commitment

What is the foreclosure status?

Commitments made with little or no exploration of alternatives

What does the moratorium status involve?

Active exploration without commitment

What defines the achievement status?

Commitment to certain alternatives after active exploration

What is 'exploration in breadth'?

Consideration of potential alternatives

What is 'exploration in depth'?

Careful consideration of current commitments and openness to new experiences

What is 'ruminative exploration'?

Obsessive concern about making the correct choice, leading to distress