Government Unit 3

concurrent powers

concurrent powers

are shared by the national and state governments. In other words, these are powers that both the national government and the state governments have the authority to carry out.

the people

A major feature of the newly created federal system of government is that it gained its power from

expressed powers

also known as enumerated powers, are powers specifically stated in the Constitution which are delegated to the national government.

examples of powers shared by national and state governments

collecting taxes, establishing courts, building roads, regulate transportation, the power to protect the security of citizens, the power to make laws and punish lawbreakers

reserved powers

are not specifically mentioned in the Constitution, but are set aside or reserved for the states.

inherent powers

are those powers that are naturally given to the government simply because it is the national government and historically in charge of the sovereign nation.

Elastic Clause

also known as the "necessary and proper" clause, is found in Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution and gives the national government authority to carry out its expressed powers.

10th amendment

Powers Reserved to the States

mayoral system

the residents elect a mayor or executive and board members to serve on the city council or local legislature to execute the laws and fulfill the will of the people.

Examples of powers reserved to the state governments

Regulating trade within the state, regulating marriage, conducting elections

confederation

The type of government with a weak national government and strong regional or state governments

admission of new states to the union

power expressly given to Congress

Layer Cake or "Dual Federalism"

describes a system where powers and policy making are assigned to distinct parts of the government such as national, state, or local.

marble cake or cooperative federalism

describes a system that involved the national and state governments working collaboratively or together on major priorities like the crisis of the Great Depression.

Picket fence or creative federalism

describes a system that involved overloaded cooperation and regulations such as releasing national funds or grants to state and local governments to solve problems and achieve goals.

On your own or new federalism

describes a system that involved its leaders seeking to return more authority to the state governments and ending the trend of expanding national government.

devolution revolution

The idea of reducing the authority and size of the federal government became known as "__________" during the new federalism stage.

Article IV of the Constitution

The national government was specifically granted the power to regulate interstate relations

full faith and credit clause of Article Four

Marriage and drivers licenses are valid from one state to the next under the:

Commission System

the residents elect a group of people to serve on the commission to set policies.

Council-Manager System

the residents elect a city council which is responsible for appointing a city manager to serve as the chief executive.

charter

basic laws, structure, and boundaries of city.

public services

broad variety of programs state citizens enjoy including schools, parks, and public safety.

sales tax

most common and popular form of regressive tax.

income tax

most common and popular form of progressive tax.

categorical grants

Most aid that states and cities receive from the federal government come in the form of a _______ to be used for a set purpose like disaster relief

block grants

Grants given to states and local government, which can then decide how to use the funds with little or no federal intervention

regressive tax

taxes those with less money more heavily

fiscal federalism

The offer of money from the national government to the states in the form of grants to promote national ends such as public welfare, environmental standards, and educational improvements

the longest constitution in the world

The state of Alabama's constitution has the distinction of being

property tax

In Alabama, ________ is the main source of funding for education and is an especially low proportional tax when compared to other states.

political action committees

Special interest groups usually form _______________to legally contribute financial support to certain campaigns particularly elections for legislators, judges, and state executive positions.

electioneering

used by special interest groups to obtain votes for a specific candidate in an election.