abnormal psychology
interested in explaining unusual and maladaptive behaviours by examining thoughts and emotions
applied psychology
attempts to solve practical problems in various sectors
behavioural genetics
explains differences in behaviour based on genetics
behavioural neuroscience
understands how specific brain regions or activities produce behaviours
behaviourism
suggests observable behaviour is the only valid way to conduct psychology
biological determinism
views all behaviour is controlled by biological/genetic influences, the extreme of nativism
clinical psychology
applied psychology that focuses on identifying, preventing and relieving distress
cognitive psychology
interested in how information is processed
cognitive revolution
shift away from behaviourism
comparative psychology
studies animal behaviour
counseling psychologist
helps people deal with ongoing situations
Descartes
described dualism and gave the concept of reflex
developmental psychology
studies development across our lifespan
dualism
mind and body are separate
eclectic approach
clinical approach that uses different techniques based on effectiveness
empiricism
knowledge comes from experience
evolutionary psychology
mental processes arose from natural selection and adaption
functionalism
understanding behaviour or process function is key to understanding operation
gestalt psychology
how people perceive a unified whole out of individual elements of sensations
humanistic psychology
emphasizes humanity
James
father of american psychology, functionalist
proximate explanation
describes immediate cause of psychological phenomenon
functional explanation
identifies specific problems
process oriented explanations
focuses on specific mental or physical processes, mechanical explanation
ultimate explanation
addresses why a psychological phenomenon occurs
Maslow
hierarchy of needs
nativism
states some forms of knowledge are innate
phrenology
study shape of skull to associate it with brain function
Pinker
compares mind to computer, wrote a book on the cognitive revolution
personality psychology
studies individual differences
positive psychology
subset of humanistic psychology that studies human virtues
psychoanalysis
created by Freud to help client gain insight into their conscious
Rogers
created person centered therapy, humanist
Skinner
studied rewards and punishments, behaviourist
social psychology
interested in how one's thoughts and behaviours are influences by presence of others
structuralism
first movement of psychology, breaks down immediate conscious experiences into their constituent parts
tabula rasa
blank slate, the mind is a place of potential
translational research
takes findings and turns them into practical solutions
Watson
Albert experiment, behaviourist
Wundt
father of modern psychology, structuralist
Galvani
shows that things that move with apparent intent donāt have souls, zapped frog legs
Locke
the mind is a machine, tabula rasa, empiricism
Muller
researched reaction time
Florens
ablation studies, destroyed areas of the brain on purpose to see what they did
animism
the belief that natural phenomena, animals, and inanimate objects are alive and have intentions
rationalism
reason is the key to knowledge