Studied by 2 people
Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
What is an Trematoda
Flukes (flatworms)
What are the two groups of flukes
Intestinal/Organ flukes & Blood flukes
Trematodes require what to complete a life cycles
fresh water
Do the trematodes have one or more intermediate hosts
yes
Who is the first or only intermediate host for trematodes
freshwater snail
What are other intermediate hosts for trematodes
fish, crayfish, crabs, H20 plants (bamboo, water cress/ chestnuts)
What are some Intestinal/Organ Fluke Genera
Fasiolopsis buski: small intestine
Fasciola hepatica: liver; bile ducts
Clonorchis (Opisthorchis) sinensis: bile ducts
Paragonimus westermani: lungs
What does Intestinal/Organ flukes eggs look like
operculated
How can humans get infected with Intestinal/Organ flukes
Humans infected by encysted larvae in raw fish, crabs or raw vegetation-bamboo & water chestnuts, etc.
Are Intestinal/Organ flukes monoecious
yes
Are Intestinal/Organ flukes leaf-shaped adults
yes
What does blood flukes eggs look like
have a spine, but no operculum
How can humans get infected with blood flukes
Humans infected by larvae that penetrate the skin
Are blood flukes dioecious
yes
What are dioecious
female in gynecologic canal of the male
Are blood flukes cylindrical adults
yes
Paragonimus (lungs)
Clonorchis (bile ducts)
Fasciola (liver; bile ducts)
Fasciolopsis (small intestine)
What is the first intermediate hosts for Intestinal/Organ Fluke
fresh water snails
What is Fasciolopsis buski and where does the adult live
Giant intestinal fluke
Small intestine
What is the infective stage for Fasciolopsis buski
metacercariae in raw bamboo or water chestnuts
What are the disease manifestations for Fasciolopsis buski
Adults in duodenum cause ulceration and inflammation of mucosa
diarrhea, anorexia, intestinal obstruction
What are the heavy burdens for Fasciolopsis buski
diarrhea, anorexia, intestinal obstruction
What is Fasciola hepatica where does the adults live
Sheep liver fluke
liver; bile ducts
What is the infective stage for Fasciola hepatica
: metacercaria encysted in watercress
What are the Disease manifestation for Fasciola hepatica
Adults live in bile duct/gallbladder
diarrhea, abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, cirrhosis, liver obstruction
What are the heavy burdens for Fasciola hepatica
diarrhea, abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, cirrhosis, liver obstruction
How can one tech differentiate between Fasciolopsis/Fasciola eggs
measure with micrometer
Fasciolopsis/Fasciola (Diagnostic egg)
What is the diagnostic stage for Fasciolopsis/Fasciola:
Eggs in stool
Egg large, ellipsoidal with indistinct operculum
What is Clonorchis (Opisthorchis) sinensis and where does the adults live
Chinese liver fluke
bile ducts
What is the infective stage for Clonorchis (Opisthorchis) sinensis
metacercaria encysted in fish
What are the disease manifestations for Clonorchis (Opisthorchis) sinensis
Adults in distal bile ducts
inflammation, fever, diarrhea, bile duct obstruction
What are the heavy burdens for Clonorchis (Opisthorchis) sinensis
inflammation, fever, diarrhea, bile duct obstruction
What is the diagnostic stage for Clonorchis sinensis
embryonated eggs in stool
small, vase-shaped; domed operculum; prominent shoulders
small knob opposite operculum
bile-stained
Clonorchis sinensis ( Diagnostic egg)
Clonorchis sinensis
Are Heterophyes heterophyes and Metagonimus yokogawai eggs similar to Clonorchis sinensis but lack a knob
yes
Where is Heterophyes heterophyes and Metagonimus yokogawai more commonly seen at
Far East
What is Paragonimus westermani and where does the adults lives
Oriental lung fluke
lungs
What is the infective stage for Paragonimus westermani
metacercariae encysted in freshwater crabs/crayfish
What is the Disease manifestations for Paragonimus westermani
Adults live in lungs
inflammation, persistent cough, hemopytsis (bloody sputum)
What are the heavy burdens symptoms for Paragonimus westermani
inflammation, persistent cough, hemopytsis (bloody sputum
What is the Diagnostic Stage for Paragonimus westermani
unembryonated Eggs in sputum (or stool)
eggs: urn-shaped with small operculum and shoulders
bile stained
Note: Distinguish this egg from D. latum egg
Paragonimus westermani Diagnostic Egg
What are the characteristics of Paragonimus westermani eggs
urn-shaped
small operculum
What are the characteristics of Diphyllobothrium latum eggs
broadly oval/knob
larger operculum
Paragonimus westermani
Diphyllobothrium latum
Paragonimus westermani
What are some blood flukes species
Schistosoma haematobium:
Schistosoma mansoni:
Schistosoma japonicum:
Where does the adult form of Schistosoma haematobium live at
adults live in veins of urinary bladder; may lead to bladder cancer
Where does the adult form of Schistosoma mansoni live at
adults in veins of colon
Where does the adult form of Schistosoma japonicum live at
adults in veins of small intestine
What is the infective stage of Schistosoma
cercariae larvae leave snail, swim in water, attach to human skin, lose their forked tail, and penetrate the skin, then enter circulation
Where does the adults in Schistosoma develop/ migrate at
Adults develop in liver/lungs, then migrate in pairs through the hepatic portal vein to the veins of the small intestine, colon, or bladder, depending on the species habitat
How can Schistosoma infect humans
Cercaria larva penetrate skin, lose tail
S. haematobium
S. mansoni
S. japonicum
What is the Disease Manifestations for Schistosomiasis from Cercaria larvae
local dermatitis: red/rash
What is the Disease Manifestations for Schistosomiasis from Larval migration
urticaria, fever, malaise
What is the Disease Manifestations for Schistosomiasis from Eggs
damage to veins & intestinal wall as eggs penetrate and enter lumen of intestine or bladder
diarrhea or hematuria (S. haemtobium)
ascites, anemia, hypertension, enlarged liver and spleen, hematuria (bloody urine
What is the chronic damage for Schistosomiasis from eggs
ascites, anemia, hypertension, enlarged liver and spleen, hematuria (bloody urine
What is the Diagnostic Stage for Schistosoma haematobium
embryonated eggs in urine (or stool)
egg large, oval
prominent terminal spine
Schistosoma haematobium ( Diagnostic Egg)
What is the Diagnostic Stage for Schistosoma mansoni
embryonated eggs in stool
eggs large, oval
prominent lateral spine
Schistosoma mansoni (Diagnostic Egg)
What is the Diagnostic Stage for Schistosoma japonicum
embryonated eggs in stool
eggs large, round
small, indistinct lateral spine
Schistosoma japonicum (Diagnostic Egg)
Note 
Flashcard (20)