(google doc) Language Acquisition Exam Review

Vocabulary flashcards for Language Acquisition exam review.

Social Interactionist Theory

The theory that language is a social phenomenon taught out of a desire to communicate with others.

Number of words children can produce by the end of year 2

Approximately 300 words.

Language component that combines parts of words (e.g., '-ed', '-ing')

Morphology

Approach stating that genetically based characteristics and environmental influences interact and shape language outcomes

Developmental Systems Approach

Term for examining processing distribution when a piece of the brain has been damaged

Lesion

Term for communicating in socially appropriate ways

Pragmatics

Major theory no longer considered a modern idea on how children acquire language

Behaviorism

T/F: CHILDES stands for Child, Language, Data, Education, System

False (Exchange, not Education)

T/F: Chomsky’s main theory of language development is Nativism

True

Approach aligning most closely with the 'language bioprogram hypothesis'

Nativist

Where grammar words are processed in the brain

Left hemisphere

Term for the condition in which language functions are severely impaired

Aphasia

Definition of a pidgin

A grammatically simple means of communication (usually a mixture of two languages)

Time in early childhood when the brain is most receptive to learning a new language

Critical Period

T/F: There is no evidence that the right hemisphere of the brain contributes to language.

False

T/F: Neurolinguistics is the study of the relation of the brain to language functioning

True

T/F: Evidence shows that there might be multiple critical periods for children

True

T/F: Starting language acquisition at the age of 2 is different than starting at birth

True

Why children have more success than adults in acquiring a second language

Children can acquire language automatically

Age group typically able to acquire language in a more productive way

Early childhood (1-5)

Factors that impact second language acquisition

Age, time spent learning the language, amount of exposure

Features involved in twin studies

Whether they are identical or fraternal, Age range, Assessed their lexical development, Socioeconomic background

The less-is-more hypothesis suggests that children may have an advantage in language acquisition because they are better at analyzing _ chunks of information.

Small

The critical period hypothesis suggests that language acquisition ability declines after __ due to maturational changes in the brain.

Puberty

Example of an action seen in joint attention

Gaze following

Which of the following is NOT a gesture a baby is likely to produce

Telephone and spinning

Typical age that children begin interacting with people about objects

10 months

What happens in habituation procedures?

All of the above

The procedure in which babies hear a new sound and look to where the sound is coming from is called _

Head-turn Procedure

Babies effectively learn from watching education videos. T/F

False

A fetus can recognize their mother’s voice T/F

True

What term is used to describe the special way adults tend to talk to babies?

All of the above

Speech directed to babies and children supports language development because…

All of the above

What does CLPT stand for?

Competing Language Processing Task

What has been shown to benefit language acquisition?

All of the above

The capacity to remember newly encountered sound sequences

Phonological Memory

The phenomenon where difficulty developing early lower-order skills affects the development of higher-order skills over time is called _

Developmental Cascade

According to various studies, children from higher socioeconomic status are more likely to have more advanced language skills. T/F

True

Babies need “perfect data” to learn systems (ie: morphology) of a language. T/F

False

What type of words tend to be the most common in a 50-word Vocab?

Nouns

At what age do infants first recognize their first names?

5 months

What is the term that refers to calling all round shaped things “ball”?

Overextension

Phonology is defined as what?

The study of WHICH sounds we make and how they are distributed/organized in our language or dialect

The fourth stage of Hoff’s prespeech vocal development is called __.

Reduplicated Babbling

A consonant that causes your voice box to vibrate means that it is .

Voiced

What age do infants recognize familiar words with accents?

12 months and above

What are children's first words syllable structure (choose all that apply)

Single syllables and Reduplicated syllables

How would you spell 'check' in IPA?

[tʃɛk]

What is the third stage of preespeech vocal development, after cooing and laughter?

Vocal play

Consonant sounds have some kind of obstruction of air while vowels do not. T/F

True

Consonants are more important than vowels for word identification. T/F

True

What is it called when children produce words in a very adultlike way, while still incorrectly producing other words that use the very same sounds?

Phonological Idioms

A child’s mispronunciation of a word very probably means that the child cannot perceive the actual pronunciation of that word when they hear it. T/F

False

What are the factors influencing typical acquisition of speech?

All of the above

Children usually begin saying their first words between 10 and 15 months. T/F

True

At what age do some children experience a word spurt?

18 months

If a child uses the word Kitty to describe the family cat as well as every other small 4-legged animal they come across, this is an example of .

Overextension

Which of these is an example of underextension?

Referring to a toy car as “car” but not referring to any other toy cars or a real car as “car”

Verbs are the easiest word part for English learning children to learn. (T/F)

False

Children with expressive language styles:

Reached a 50 word vocabulary at the same time as the children with referential language styles

Which option best represents 'lexical organization'?

Children learning that different colors have their own names because they are different from each other

What is included in the 'emergentist coalition model'?

Children rely on multiple mechanisms in the process of learning word meanings.

Which of the follow best describes the Speech Segmentation Problem:

Speech is produced without spaces between words; a child must find the word boundaries in a continuous stream of sound

What aspect is involved in the definition of 'semantic organization'?

Children must determine which cognitive distinctions are marked in their language and which are not

The proposal that knowledge of language structure is generally useful for learning new verbs is termed the _.

Syntactic bootstrapping hypothesis

One language specific principle that would help accurate word extension is the _, which holds that words refer to things that are of the same kind.

Taxonomic Assumption

T/F: This problem of the determinacy of word meaning is often referred to as the mapping problem.

False

T/F: The mutual whole object assumption is the assumption that words refer to whole objects or to a property of the object.

True