Rates of reactions

Collision theory: for a reaction to occur, particles must collide with ... ... + the correct ...

This minimum energy = ... ...

sufficient energy, orientation, activation energy

Factors affecting rate of reaction:

1. Co...

2. S... a...

3. P...

4. C...

5. T...

concentration, surface area, pressure, catalysts, temperature

Concentration increased:

increased rate - more particles per unit ... = more s.... and f... ....

volume, successful, frequent collisions

Surface area increased:

increased rate- more exposed ... particles = more f... ...

reactant, frequent collisions

Pressure increased:

increased rate- more particles per unit ... = more f... ...

volume, frequent collisions

Catalyst:

increased rate- provides ... pathway w lower ... ... - more particles have energy ... than the ... ...

alternative, activation energy, greater, activation energy

Temperature increases:

increased rate: particles gain ... energy- greater proportion of particles = greater energy than ... ... - more f... ...

kinetic, activation energy, frequent collisions

Rates practicals:

1. Disappearing ...

2. Gas formation

3. Colorimetry

4. Change of mass

cross

Heterogenous: catalyst in ... phase as ...

different, reactants

Homogenous: catalyst in ... phase as ...

same, reactants

Hydrogenation: alkene absorbs to ... of metal, weakening C=C bond

surface

Benefits of catalysts:

lower ... reduces cost, some reactions are ... without a catalyst

temp, inaccessible