Clin-Chem Lab AA Part 1

Protein came from the Greek Word? Which means?

Greek word “proteios” meaning “first rank of importance”

Proteins are macromolecules composed of polymers of covalently linked __________?

Amino Acids

True or False?

Proteins are synthesized in the liver (except immunoglobulins)?

True

Clinical Chemistry Protein is used as a measurement for:

• Liver diseases

• Kidney disorders

• Nutritional status

• Immune function

What are the Chemical Properties of protein?

Chemical Properties:

• Amphoteric Nature

• Buffering Capacity

• Solubility

• Antigenicity

• Energy Source

• Cellular Composition

Chemical property of protein that refers having both + and – charges.

Amphoteric Nature

Chemical property of protein that refers being able to maintain blood pH stability, due to their amphoteric nature.

Buffering Capacity

Chemical property of protein that refers to the ability to be dissolved in water due to high dielectric property.

Solubility

Chemical property of protein that makes them effective antigens due to their molecular mass, tyrosine content, and specificity.

Antigenicity

Chemical property of protein that contributes to the body’s total daily energy requirements, although not the primary one.

Energy Source

Chemical property of protein that makes up almost half of a cell’s dry weight.

Cellular Composition

Give me (3) three functions of protein in the body?

What are the parts of a protein?

• A central carbon atom

• An amino group

• A carboxyl group

• A hydrogen atom

• A unique side chain (R-group)

The building blocks of proteins

Amino acids

Can be synthesized by the body from other compounds.

NON-ESSENTIAL Amino acids.

Normally non-essential but become essential in certain conditions (e.g., illness or stress)

CONDITIONALLY ESSENTIAL Amino acids.

Cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from food.

ESSENTIAL Amino acids.

What are the NON-ESSENTIAL Amino acids?

Glutamic Acid

Alanine

Asparagine

Serine

Aspartic Acid

What are the CONDITIONALLY ESSENTIAL Amino acids?

Cysteine

Arginine

Glutamine

Glycine

Proline

Tyrosine

What are the ESSENTIAL Amino acids?

Methionine

Threonine

Tryptophan

Valine

Phenylalanine

Histidine

Isoleucine

Leucine

Lysine

• Carbohydrate

• Building block: Monosaccharide

• Primary source of energy

Glucose

When does Glucose become important when it comes to protein discussion?

During Hemoglobin A1C - used as Biomarker of DM

• Hydrophobic macromolecules

• Building blocks:

• Fatty Acids

• Glycerol

• Energy storage of molecules

Lipids

a molecule that has both positive and negative charges, but an overall neutral charge.

ZWITTERION

What happens to these groups if protein is present in Low pH (Acidic).

What happens to these groups if protein is present in Neutral pH (7.5 pH).

What happens to these groups if protein is present in High pH (Alkaline).