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Protein came from the Greek Word? Which means?
Greek word “proteios” meaning “first rank of importance”
Proteins are macromolecules composed of polymers of covalently linked __________?
Amino Acids
True or False?
Proteins are synthesized in the liver (except immunoglobulins)?
True
Clinical Chemistry Protein is used as a measurement for:
• Liver diseases
• Kidney disorders
• Nutritional status
• Immune function
What are the Chemical Properties of protein?
Chemical Properties:
• Amphoteric Nature
• Buffering Capacity
• Solubility
• Antigenicity
• Energy Source
• Cellular Composition
Chemical property of protein that refers having both + and – charges.
Amphoteric Nature
Chemical property of protein that refers being able to maintain blood pH stability, due to their amphoteric nature.
Buffering Capacity
Chemical property of protein that refers to the ability to be dissolved in water due to high dielectric property.
Solubility
Chemical property of protein that makes them effective antigens due to their molecular mass, tyrosine content, and specificity.
Antigenicity
Chemical property of protein that contributes to the body’s total daily energy requirements, although not the primary one.
Energy Source
Chemical property of protein that makes up almost half of a cell’s dry weight.
Cellular Composition
Give me (3) three functions of protein in the body?
What are the parts of a protein?
• A central carbon atom
• An amino group
• A carboxyl group
• A hydrogen atom
• A unique side chain (R-group)
The building blocks of proteins
Amino acids
Can be synthesized by the body from other compounds.
NON-ESSENTIAL Amino acids.
Normally non-essential but become essential in certain conditions (e.g., illness or stress)
CONDITIONALLY ESSENTIAL Amino acids.
Cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from food.
ESSENTIAL Amino acids.
What are the NON-ESSENTIAL Amino acids?
Glutamic Acid
Alanine
Asparagine
Serine
Aspartic Acid
What are the CONDITIONALLY ESSENTIAL Amino acids?
Cysteine
Arginine
Glutamine
Glycine
Proline
Tyrosine
What are the ESSENTIAL Amino acids?
Methionine
Threonine
Tryptophan
Valine
Phenylalanine
Histidine
Isoleucine
Leucine
Lysine
• Carbohydrate
• Building block: Monosaccharide
• Primary source of energy
Glucose
When does Glucose become important when it comes to protein discussion?
During Hemoglobin A1C - used as Biomarker of DM
• Hydrophobic macromolecules
• Building blocks:
• Fatty Acids
• Glycerol
• Energy storage of molecules
Lipids
a molecule that has both positive and negative charges, but an overall neutral charge.
ZWITTERION
What happens to these groups if protein is present in Low pH (Acidic).
What happens to these groups if protein is present in Neutral pH (7.5 pH).
What happens to these groups if protein is present in High pH (Alkaline).