Botany: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
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32 Terms
Floral organs essential for sexual reproduction
The Stamen (male) and the Pistil (female).
Components of the Stamen
Anther (bears pollen sacs) and Filament (stalk).
Meiosis in the anther produces what cells?
Microspores (4 haploid cells from each microspore mother cell).
Ploidy level and function of the Zygote
Diploid (2n); develops into the Embryo (the new plant).
Ploidy level and function of the Endosperm
Triploid (3n); forms the food source for the growing embryo.
Define Double Fertilization
The process where one sperm fertilizes the egg and the other sperm fuses with the two polar nuclei (triple fusion).
Final contents of the Embryo Sac before fusion
Egg (1), Polar Nuclei (2), Synergids (2), and Antipodals (3).
What cell divides to form the two sperm nuclei?
The Generative cell (which travels inside the pollen tube).
Micropyle
The small opening in the ovule through which the pollen tube penetrates.
Monoecious Plant
A plant that has both the male and female flowers found in one plant (e.g., Squash).
Dioecious Plant
A plant where the male and female flowers are borne on separate plants (e.g., Papaya).
Pedicel
The stalk that holds or supports a single flower.
Function of the Sepal
One of the outermost parts; primarily functions to protect the flower while it is still a bud.
Capitulum or Head Inflorescence
Flowers borne directly on a broad, flat peduncle (e.g., Sunflower, Daisy).
Cyathium Flower Type
Has a cup-shaped involucre of fused bracts enclosing several male flowers and a single female flower (e.g., Euphorbia corollata).
Verticillaster Inflorescence
A whorl of flowers composed of two opposite cymes (e.g., Holy Basil / Ocimum sanctum).
Floral organs essential for sexual reproduction
The Stamen (male) and the Pistil (female).
Ploidy level and function of the Zygote
Diploid (2n); develops into the Embryo (the new plant).
Ploidy level and function of the Endosperm
Triploid (3n); forms the food source for the growing embryo.
Define Double Fertilization
One sperm fertilizes the egg (→ zygote) and the other sperm fuses with the two polar nuclei (→ endosperm).
Micropyle
The small opening in the ovule through which the pollen tube penetrates.
Components of the Stamen
Anther (bears pollen sacs) and Filament (stalk).
What cell divides to form the two sperm nuclei?
The Generative cell (which travels inside the pollen tube).
Function of the Sepal
Primarily functions to protect the flower while it is still a bud.
Pedicel
The stalk that holds or supports a single flower.
Receptacle
The enlarged tip of the pedicel from which all the floral parts arise.
Monoecious Plant
A plant that has both male and female flowers found in one plant (e.g., Squash).
Dioecious Plant
A plant where the male and female flowers are borne on separate plants (e.g., Papaya).
Capitulum or Head Inflorescence
Flowers borne directly on a broad, flat peduncle (e.g., Sunflower).
Cyathium Flower Type
A cup-shaped involucre enclosing greatly reduced male flowers and a single female flower.
Involucre
A whorl or rosette of bracts surrounding a flower or inflorescence.
Verticillaster Inflorescence
A whorl of flowers composed of two opposite cymes (e.g., Holy Basil / Ocimum sanctum).
Note 
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