War of 1812

What was James Madison's first act as president?

to repeal the Embargo Act

What act replaced the Embargo Act?

The Non-Intercourse Act

What did the Non-Intercourse Act state?

America would have relations with all nations except Great Britain and France

What was the purpose of Macon’s Bill #2?

It promised to stop trade with Britain or France's rival if one of them was "nicest" (i.e., stopped harassing American ships) first

Who governed the Indiana Territory during this period?

William Henry Harrison

What Shawnee leader organized Native American resistance against U.S. expansion?

Tecumseh

What was Tecumseh's half-brother, who was left in charge of the Shawnee, known as?

The Prophet

What battle occurred when William Henry Harrison attacked the Shawnee while Tecumseh was away?

Battle of Tippecanoe

What nickname did William Henry Harrison earn from the Battle of Tippecanoe?

"Old Tippecanoe"

Who were the leaders of the War Hawks, the group of congressmen who pushed for war?

Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun

What were the four main reasons the U.S. declared the War of 1812?

Impressment, Violations of the Peace of Paris (British keeping forts), Encouraging Natives to Attack Americans, and messing with trade

Who was allegedly "bullied into the war" by the War Hawks?

President James Madison

What was Madison's three-pronged battle strategy for 1812 that resulted in early defeats?

Attack through Lake Champlain (to Montreal), the Niagara Frontier, and Detroit (to invade Upper Canada)

What American commander surrendered Detroit to the British in August 1812?

William Hull

What was the British counter-strategy after concluding their war with France?

To "divide and conquer," targeting New York, New Orleans, and Washington D.C.

What protective vessels did Madison order built to counter the British naval blockade?

Smaller, faster ships called frigates (e.g., the Constitution)

What Federalist meeting met to propose constitutional changes opposing the war and the dominance of the Virginia Presidents?

The Hartford Convention (1814-1815)

What were two proposals made at the Hartford Convention?

Limit the President to a single four-year term, and prohibit back-to-back presidents from the same state

Who was the American General tasked with retaking Detroit and who won the Battle of the Thames?

General William Henry Harrison

Who was the American naval captain who defeated the British on Lake Erie and famously said, "We have met the enemy and they are ours"?

Oliver Perry

What famous event occurred in August 1814 when 25,000 British troops invaded the capital?

The Burning of Washington D.C.

What two major American artifacts did James Monroe retrieve as the British burned the capital?

The original Constitution and Declaration of Independence

What famous presidential artifact did Dolley Madison save from the White House?

The Gilbert Stuart portrait of George Washington

What battle inspired Francis Scott Key to write "The Star-Spangled Banner"?

The defense of Fort McHenry near Annapolis

What was the result of the Battle of Lake Champlain (September 11, 1814)?

American forces under Thomas Macdonough successfully defended New York, causing the British to retreat

What treaty officially ended the War of 1812?

The Treaty of Ghent (December 24, 1814)

Who negotiated the Treaty of Ghent for the U.S.?

John Quincy Adams

What were the terms of the Treaty of Ghent?

All British troops/forts removed, U.S. neither gained nor lost territory, and a boundary meeting was scheduled

What major battle occurred after the Treaty of Ghent was signed?

The Battle of New Orleans (January 8, 1815)

Who commanded the American forces at the Battle of New Orleans?

General Andrew Jackson

What was the outcome of the Battle of New Orleans?

A decisive American victory, leading to Andrew Jackson becoming a national hero

What was the long-term aftermath of the War of 1812?

Nationalism and pride increased, the Federalist Party dissolved, and James Madison stepped down after two terms

What era began with the election of James Monroe in 1816?

The Era of Good Feeling