Industrialization & Immigration

Americanization movement

________ .. An education program designed to help immigrants assimilate to american culture.

1907 1908

Gentelmen's Agreement .. A(n) ________ agreement between the U. S. and Japanese governments to limit Japanese immigration to the United States.

Laissez-faire

A form of capitalism that allows companies to conduct business without intervention of the government

Transcontinental Railroad

A railroad line linking the Atlantic and the Pacific coasts of the united states, completed in 1869

Vertical Integration

A company's taking over its suppliers and distributors and transportation systems to gain total control over the quality and cost of its product

Horizontal Integration

The merging of companies that make similar products

Social Darwinism

An economic and social philosophy-supposedly based on the biologist Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection-holding that a system of unrestrained competition will insure the survival of the fittest

Sherman Antitrust Act

A law, enacted in 1890, that was intended to prevent the creation of monopolies by making it illegal to establish trusts that interfered with free trade

American Federation of Labor

An alliance of trade and craft unions, formed in 1886

Patronage

An officeholder's power to appoint people-usually those who have helped him or her get elected-to positions in government

Tenement

A multifamily urban dwelling, usually overcrowded and unsanitary

Chinese Exclusion Act

A law, enacted in 1882, that prohibited all Chinese except students, teachers, merchants, tourists, and government officials from entering the United States

Graft

The illegal use of political influence for political gain

Assimilation

A minority group's adoption of beliefs and the way of life of the dominant culture

Dawes Act

A law, enacted in 1887, that was intended to "Americanize" Native Americans by distributing reservation land to individual owners

Homestead Act

A U.S. law enacted in 1862, that provided 160 acres in the West to any citizen or intended citizen who was head of household and would cultivate the land for five years; a law whose passage led to record numbers of U.S. settlers claiming private property which previously had been reserved by treaty and by tradition for Native American nomadic dwelling and use; the same law strengthened in 1889 to encourage individuals to exercise their private property rights and develop homesteads out of the vast government lands

Morrill Act

A law enacted in 1862 and 1890 to help create agricultural colleges by giving federal land to states

Populism

A late 19th century political movement demanding that people have a greater voice in government and seeking to advance the interests of farmers and laborers

Monopoly

Having complete control of a marketplace, without any outside competition

Melting Pot

A mixture of people of different cultures and races who blended together by abandoning their native languages and cultures

Urbanization

The growth of cities

Political Machine

An organized group that controls a political party in a city and offers services to voters and businesses in exchange for political and financial support

sooner

name given to those who ran the Oklahoma Land Race and obtained land illegally, often times sneaking past government officials the night before and waiting for the land race to begin

Boomer

name given to those who ran the Oklahoma Land Race and obtained land legally

Knights of Labor

organized unskilled and skilled workers, campaigned for an eight hour workday, and aspired to form a cooperative society in which laborers owned the industries in which they worked.

Division of labor

each worker does a small piece of a big project they often don't know what them are making

steerage

the cheapest accommodations on a passenger ship

“A Century of Dishonor”

written by Hellen Jackson

Sweatshop

factory where workers do piecework for poor pay and are prevented from forming unions

Carnegie

man who established an enormous steel company, centered in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, utilizing vertical and horizontal integration to do so

rockefeller

man who established the Standard Oil Company, centered in Cleveland, Ohio, utilizing vertical and horizontal integration to do so, becoming potentially America's richest man ever

Stanford

Owner of the Central Pacific Company; drove in the golden spike bringing the Transcontinental Railroad together

Tweed

known for political machine

Powderly

led the Knights of Labor

Czolgosz

assassinated McKinley

Gompers

Founder and leader of the American Federation of Labor

Guiteau

assassinated James Garfield