bio-med - tissues

epithelium

-forms continuous sheets of cells that line internal surfaces of the body

-It is a selective barrier that protects tissues and is often involved in absorption or secretion

-avascular: no blood supply

basement membrane

Separates epithelium from underlying connective tissue

List the 3 criteria epithelia are based on.

1. Number of cell layers 

2. Shape of surface cells 

3. Specializations

What is the difference between an apical surface and a basal surface?

Apical faces the external environment and basal is attached to the basement membrane.

define simple cuboidal epithelium

-single layer of cuboidal cells. 

-often associated with absorption, secretion or excretion of waste matter

Describe Simple Columnar Epithelium.

-single layer of cells that are taller than they are wide 

-associated with absorption or secretion

What makes pseudostratified epithelium unique?

It appears to be stratified because the nuclei are in different parts of the cell.

What is the purpose of stratified squamous epithelium?

It provides protection from abrasion and is keratinized (when the cells flatten or die)

Compare and contrast simple cuboidal, simple columnar, and stratified cuboidal epithelium

1. A simple cuboidal is cubed with its nucleus in the middle of the cell.

2. A simple columnar is rectangular in shape with its nucleus at the bottom of the cell.

3. Stratified cuboidal is cubed shaped cells in multiple layers

define fibrocartilage

-highly compressible

-location:makes cushion like discs between vertebrae

define dense connective tissue

-made of collagen fiber

-resists stretching

dense regular tissue

-fibers are parallel to each other

-contains elastic

-found in tendons and ligaments

-also found in folds between vertebrae

ligaments

attaches bone to bone

tendons

muscle to bone

dense irregular tissue

fiber direction is random

found in the dermis (lower layers of skin)

loose connective tissue

-softer

-have more cells

-fewer fibers than other connective tissues (other than blood)

areolar connective tissue

• Most widely distributed connective tissue

• Soft, pliable tissue like “cobwebs”

• Functions as a universal packing tissue and “glue” to hold organs in place

• Layer of areolar tissue called lamina propria underlies all membranes

• All fiber types form a loose network

• Can soak up excess fluid (causes edema)

adipose connective tissue

-insulates body

-protects some organs

-serves as fuel storage

-found in subcutaneous tissue beneath the skin

reticular connective tissue

-interwoven fibers

-forms stroma of organs

-locations:

-lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow

blood (vascular tissue)

-surrounded by fluid matrix (blood plasma)

-soluble fibers visible only during clotting

-functions:transpot vehicle

-carries: nutrients wastes and respiratory glasses

lymph

liquid matrix and white blood cells

where is reticular connective tissue located?

-lymph nodes

-spleen

-bone marrow

what does blood carry for the cardiovascular system?

-nutrients

-wastes

-respiratory gasses

adipose connective tissue functions

-insulates body

-protects organs

-fuel storage

adipose connective tissue locations

-subcutaneous tissue beneath the skin

-protects organs

-fat ‘depots’ include hips, breasts, and belly

list the types of connective tissues form most rigid to least rigid

-bone

-cartilage

-dense connective tissue

-loose connective tissue

-blood

what are bones made of

-osteocytes (bone cells)

-hard matrix of calcium salts

-large number of collagen fibers

what is the function of bones?

to protect and support the body

chondrocyte

cartilage cell

types of cartilage

hyaline

fibrocartilage

elastic

elastic cartilage

-provides elasticity

-found in the external ear

hyaline cartilage

-most widespread type of cartilage

-abundent collagen fibers hidden by a glassy rubbery matrix

hyaline cartilage locations

-trachea

-attatches to the breastbone

-covers ends of long bones

-entire fetal skeleton

epiphyseal (growth) plates

blood plasma

fluid matrix that surrounds the blood cells

simple squamous

where are epithelial tissues located

• body coverings

• body linings

• glandular tissue

what are the functions of epithelial

• protection

• absorption

• filtration

• secretion

what tissue covers all body surfaces

epithelial

Often form sheets with one free surface, the apical surface, and an anchored surface, the basement membrane

epithelial

avascular

epithelial

what type of connective tissue regenerates easily?

epithelial

simple epithelial function

absorption, secretion, and filtration

simple squamous epithelium locations

• lungs

• capillaries

• forms serious membranes that line and cover organs in ventral cavity

simple cuboidal epithelium location

• glands and their ducts

• forms walls of kidney tubules

• covers the surface of overies

what do ciliated simple epithelium cells do

propel mucus or reproductive cells

simple columnar Epithelium location

• lining the digestive tract

• Mucous membranes (mucosae) line body cavities opening to the exterior