Gas Exchange and Circulation

Cellular Respiration

Process of making energy

Carbon Dioxide

A waste product of celllular respiration

Diffusion

How gases move from a low concentration to a high concentration

Inverse relation

Higher elevation or higher temperature reduces the amount of O₂ present

Oxygen Minimum Zone

1,000 meters below sea, where most sea life is

Gas exchange

Bringing in O₂ and releasing CO₂

Respiratory and Circulatory Systems

Systems involved in gas exchange

Respiratory System

Brings oxygen in

Circulatory System

Moves oxygen around

Different Respiratory Systems

Gills,

Gills

filaments increase surface area : volume ratio, uses countercurrent exchange to receive O₂ as water passes over the gills

Skin Breathing

In insects and amphibians; thin skin and blood vessels close to the surface allows for diffusion

Lungs

air travels from trachea to the bronchioles in the lungs and into the alveoli where gas exchange occurs

Diaphragm

Moves to allow lungs to inhale and exhale

Blood

Has 4 components; Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes), White Blood Cells (luekocytes), Platelets, & Plasma

Buffy coat

Middle layer in centirfuged blood that contains white blood cells and platelets

Hemoglobin

Protein that allows red blood cells to a carry about 4 molecules of oxygen each

Red Blood Cells

Erythrocytes, transport oxygen but also carries carbon dioxide

Open Circulatory System

In arthropods, blood does not return to the heart in a cycle

Closed Circulatory System

Blood leaves the heart and eventually re-enters it

Hemolymph

Circulatory fluid in an open circulatory system; combined blood and lymph fluid

Blood Vessels

Arteries, veins, and cappillaries

Arteries

Move blood away from the heart; carry oxygenated blood

Veins

Move blood towards the heart; carry deoxygenated blood

Cappillaries

Where gas exchange happens

Heart

Has at least 2 chambers; atrium and ventricle

Atrium

Receives blood

Ventricle

pumps blood out

Blood Pressure

Systolic pressure/Diastolic pressure

Systolic pressure

Pressure of blood leaving the heart

Diastolic Pressure

Pressure of blood returning to the heart

Pacemaker

Sends electrical shocks to pump the heart

Heart Attack

When a piece of the heart muscle dies from lack of oxygen

Cholesterol

Fat that lines the arteries and can cause a blockage that prevents transport of blood

Bypass Surgery

Helps keep the heart pumping by bypassing the non functional part; single to quadruple bypass