BIOLOGY FINAL

Function of an Enzyme

LOWER ACTIVATION ENERGY

Catalyst

SPEEDS UP REACTION

When the temp or PH of enzymes changes

DENATURED(enzyme stops working)

Difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic- simple, unicellular. Eukaryotic- complex, multicellular.

3 types of passive transport

DIFFUSION(can enter and exit easily), OSMOSIS(transporting water), and FACILITATED DIFFUSION.

2 types of Active Transport

EXOCYTOSIS, and ENDOCYTOSIS

Hyper VS Hypo VS ISO

Hypertonic- leaves, shrinks

Hypotonic- fills, swells

Isotonic- stays the same

What’s the purpose of photosynthesis?

To create energy or glucose

Photosynthesis Chemical Reaction

6CO2+6H2O(Reactants)

——) C6H12O6+6O2(Products)

Purpose of Cellular Respiration

MAKE ENERGY IN FORM OF ATP

Main 3 phases of the Cell Cycle

Interphase(G1, G2, S phase), Mitosis, Cytokenesis

Main phases of Mitosis

PMAT

Prophase-(Nuclear envelope dissapear) Metaphase-(Line up in the middle)Anaphase-(Pull apart)Telophase-(Nuclear envelope reforms)

Meiosis vs Mitosis

Meiosis- 2 identical daughter cells are made (somatic)

Mitosis- 4 unique daughter cells are made (Gametes)

What is nondisjunction

When chromosomes aren’t pulled apart correctly during meiosis. The cell won’t have the right amount of chromosomes.

What is the enzyme lock and key model?

It shows that an enzyme cant work without a substrate, and a substrate cant work without an enzyme. The point they connect is called the active sight.

Whats the difference between DIFUSSION and FACILITATED DIFUSSION?

FACILITATED DIFUSSION requires a little more energy to transport. DIfussion doesn't.

Describe Nucleus

DNA storage

Describe Mitochondria

Creates ATP

Describe Rough ER

Modifies and transport protein

Describe Golgi apparatus

Sort, ship, and package proteins

Describe Ribosomes

Makes proteins

Describe Lysosomes

Digestive system

Breakdown a Lipid

Function- Long term storage, EX; oils or fats, MONOMER- fatty acids

Breakdown a Carbohydrate

Function- Short term energy storage, EX; sugar. MONOMER- Monosaccharide.

Breakdown a Nucleic Acid

Function- Store GENETIC info, EX; DNA/RNA. MONOMER- Nucleotide

Breakdown a Protein

Function- Speed up chemical reactions, EX; Enzyme. MONOMER- Amino Acids