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3x Quotes about the execution story /memories
furze pods ‘burst in all directions…like the buttons when he started to tear at his tunic’
tore at his tunic over the heart, as if to pluck out the bullets
as if to tear a spider web away
6/7 xQuotes about fishing/the river
the river was dead silent
pike choked on hooked perch they’d tried to swallow
sit in aluminium deck chairs on the riverbank and fish with rods
i was discarding his life to assume my own
warm fleshy smell of worms crawling in too little clay
unless the night wind…he said anxiously/unless a night wind
5-7x Quotes that show the father + son’s fractured/strained/difficult relationship
the river was dead silent
pike choked on hooked perch they’d tried to swallow
i was wary of the big words. they were not his own voice
as if to tear a spider web away
i knew this silence was fixed forever…till he asked
unless the night wind…he said anxiously/unless a night wind
each move he made i watched closely as if i too had to prepare myself to murder
quotes about the deception/betrayal/epiphany/growing up
i was wary of the big words. they were not his own voice
warm fleshy smell of worms crawling in too little clay
he’d get ten thousand if i was killed
i knew my youth had ended
it’ll be your own funeral/it’ll be my own funeral
structure points
inevitability (starts and ends with them fishing + motifs of murder/execution)
tragic impossibility of connection
Key themes
misunderstandings/impossibility of human connection
difficult family relationships
difficulties of growing up
responses to conflict
epiphany/learning about yourself and others
author
John Mcgahern
context
poverty widespread in ireland
korean war -america vs north korea 1950-53, irish men fought for america. 3 million fatalities . confrontation of the cold war (manifestations of underlying ongoing conflict, like the father-son relationship), plus lack of decisive end -similar to the story
irish war of independence (1922-23)- many nationalists imprisoned an executed by firing squad
perspective
1st person (at a later date, with hindsight), emotional insight
7x Quotes to show strained relationship with parents
special significance for me ever since my mother died through eating one
hardly a skill im proud of…kikuko come and help
i dont suppose you believe in war
for some moments she did not move
somewhat strained
his face looked almost gentle
and some disappointments
7x quotes about the father -cold, detached, traditional
proud of the pure samurai blood
a man of principle and honour
i dont suppose you believe in war
dealing with foreigners
hardly a skill im proud of…kikuko come and help
and some disappointments
just fish
4/5x quotes about the father- fundamentally lonely
looked almost gentle
you;d be very welcome. that is, if you don;t mind living with an old man
you’ll no doubt return to america before long…no doubt you will
perhaps she will want to come home then /things will improve then
significance of title
ironic
juxtaposition
6x quotes to show cultural differences
proud of the pure samurai blood
principle and honour
hardly a skill im proud of
dont suppose you believe in war
dealing with foreigners
and some disappointments
key themes
difficulty fitting in
difficult family relationships
parental relationships
misunderstandings
culture /cultural clashes
impact of conflict
appearance vs reality
Context
fugu = lethal poison
japanese society -conservative, focus on gender roles -women meant to obey fathers/husbands
suicide -honourable, samuai warriors expected to commit suicide
ubasute -sick or elderly relatives left in a remote place to die -old people who felt disgraceful to their families meant to kill themselves rather than be a burden
seppuku - killing yourself by cutting up your stomach (ingesting poison -similar ) -seen as honourable
Quotes to show harmonious family at the start
an invisible cord
he would crouch on his haunches
2x Quotes to show that their relationships are changing
they watched the boat, on its first trip across the pong to Grandfather, suddently become deeper, and deeper in the water. the motor cut. the launch wallowed, sank.
anything can change
3x Quotes about ralph/his impact
just to see his face go crestfallen and blank
suddenly barked
she looked trapped and helpless
2x Quotes about the father
his hair and clothes were wet, his lips were caked with salt; seaweed hung from his shoulders
the boat sank - like my plane
Quotes about the grandfather
he would crouch on his haunches
anything can change
he smiled. not for drinking
tackling
about how mother banished Grandfather, about how suicide can be murder and how things don’t end
7x Quotes about the mother
she looked trapped and helpless
darling. please, i’ll explain. darling, darling
but she never did explain
she wore, beneath everything, this look of relief, as if she had recovered from an illness
what am I going to do
about how mother banished Grandfather, about how suicide can be murder and how things don’t end
Mother didn’t cry. she hadn’t cried at all
7× quotes about the narrator
the boat sank - like my plane
she looked trapped and helpless
she never did explain
she wore beneath everything a look of relied
mother + grandfather (proper nouns)
i was barely ten
as if the house was plunging underwater
about how mother banished Grandfather, about how suicide can be murder and how things don’t end
4x Quotes about the launch
an invisible cord
he would crouch on his haunches
watched the boat, on its first trip across the pond to grandfather, suddenly become deeper, and deeper in the water. the motor cut. the launch wallowed, sank
the launch was still travelling over to him, unstoppable, unsinkable, along that invisible line
Author
graham swift
Main themes
loss (of loved ones and of stability)
betrayal
love
cross-generational connection
difficult family relationships
change, responses to change
difficulties of growing up
Context
chemistry = science of change (dissected in the story, analysed)
bonds can be made and broken but nothing is lost
prussic acid = made of laurel leaves, lethal
structural significance?
cyclic structure
inevitability (of loss/change or of ultimately fixed broken connections)
quotes about language/polish culture 9x
i think im going to understand it, and then i don’t
sang and sang until it died
lost the words you gave me
i felt my lips move. there were words in my mouth
it was a flag from another country, a better country than the ones either of us lived in
it’s the accent
terribly hopeful tie
steve/stefan
you’ll get her all mixed up…what use is polish ever going to be to her?
quotes about isolation/heirarchy in the community at school 3x
knot of teachers
i wear a uniform
lifted the counter flap, tucke dmy hair under the cap
quotes about carla learning about herself 4x
i felt my lips move. there were words in my mouth
a flag from another country, a better country than the ones either of us lived in
i like your tie
lifted the counter flap, tucked my hair under the cap
quotes about stefan 6x
steve/stefan
sang and sang until it died
lost the words you gave me
flag from another country, a better country
terribly hopeful tie
the way a child does when he doesn’t know anyone at a party, hoping for a rescue
key themes
learning about yourself/others
finding identity/culture
importance of human connection
difficulty fitting in
author
helen dunmore
context
increasing polish migration since 1950s (1947 polish resettlement act; 1992 free movement across EU borders)
xenophobia prevelant in UK society 2000s
schools = hierarchical insitutes (she wears a uniform, like a student- degrading)
Quotes to show detachment in england/homesickness 5x
wanting to be elsewhere/in fact Jamaica
in this England
is it always so cold? does it ever get warm? does the sun shine here?
what do you answer when strangers call to you, but they are not strangers really, they are your mother and father?
these newly acquired people
quotes to show detached family relationships 2x
these newly acquired people
when do you answer when strangers call to you, but they are not strangers really, they are your mother and father?
quotes to show racist oppression/discrimination 5x
columbus keeps coming back to haunt me
hidden, disposed of, dispatched to the invisibility of the back row
impressed 3x then ‘my impressive reading enrolled me in one five, the hottest, baddest stream in the first year
stragetic location
all a dem collude to humiliate, not just me, but all a we
quotes to show repressive atmosphere of the school
recite
columbus keeps coming back to haunt me
the inspector’s eyes pierce me through
trapped words
hidden, disposed of, dispatched to the invisibility of the back row
stragetic location
quotes to show celebration of identity
toussaint l’ouverture, sojourner truth, nanny, cudjoe, paul bogle
voices are raised, claiming, proclaiming, learning the new language in dis here England
wanting an explosion
strcutural points
poetry in middle -detachment /disconnection by enjambment . also fragmented memories
cyclic structure -inevitability of cultural celebration/finding your identity, but also the constant repression
key themes
cultural identity + disconnection
cross generational difficulty
difficulty growing up
importance of place
learning about yourself -epiphany
context
Jamaica -part of British empire until 1962 -taught the English curriculum
history taught as though COlumbus discovered jamaica, instead of mentioning the persecution + rebellions against slavery etc
windrush generation -came to Britain after ww2 (1948 british nationality act) to fill lower paid, hard labour jobs . encountered racism . sent for their children when they could afford to
Quotes that present mrs rutter as harmless
dear old thing
really nice
really sweet
composed of circles, a cottage loaf of a woman
quotes that show mrs rutter is not harmless/more than meets the eye/unnerving
her eyes investigated
examined
darted
licked her lips (when telling the story)
tit for tat
youve got a lovely shape, sandra. you take care you stay that way
quotes that show sandra’s naivety/innocence/youth
some people you only have to look at to know theyre not up to much
bare brown legs
not after tea-time anyway
she would fall in love and she would get a good job and she would have one of those new singers and make an embroidered silk coat
Quotes that show sandra’s epiphany/growing up
he had grown
there were not, the girl realised, wolves or witches or tigers
you could get people all wrong, she realised with alarm
glimpsed darkness, an inescapable darkness…you would never be without it, ever
quotes about kerry
not susie. not liz either. kerry stevens from richmond way
some people you only have to look at to know they’re not up to much
shoved his chair back from the table
i wont ever forget him
someone like that
he had grown
his anger eclipsed his acne
main themes
darkness/light (good/evil)
past, present, ftuure
appearance vs reality
epiphany/growing up
misunderstandings
impact of conflict
learning about themselves/others
context
rule of war -captured and injured enemy combatants are not killed but imprisoned and given medical treatment
many german places shot down and crashed in bad weather
Quotes to show elizabeth’s anger at walter
it was chrysathemums when I married him, and chrysanthemums when you were born, and the first time they ever brought him home drunk he’d got brown chrysanthemums in the button hole
slink past his very door
Quotes about motherhood
clear as a twelve month baby
he had a hearty laugh. i loved to hear it. he had the heartiest laugh
you’ve got to make allowances for them
the children hid their faces in her skirts, for comfort
Quotes about elizabeth and walter’s lack of connection
it was chrysanthemums when i married him, and chrysanthemums when you were born, and the first time they ever brought him home drunk he;d got brown chrysanthemums in the button hole
the dead man
so infinite a gap she must look across
and she knew what a stranger he was to her
she had denied him what he was-she saw it now. she had refused him as himself.
she had never seen him, he had never seen her, they had met in the dark and had fought in the dark
quotes about chrysanthemums
it was chrysanthemums when i married him, and chrystanthemums when you were born, and the first time they ever broguht him home drunk he;d got brown chrysanthemums in the button hole
deathly smell of chrysanthemums
still rapturously
What do chrysanthemums represent
both death/unpleasantness and also life-affirming moments/joy/love - so show ultimately the duality of life and death and how death can lead to enlightenment (tragically) as it does here
quotes that show elizabeth was nervous when she didn’t know where walter was
her heart swung violently
surged on again, almost suffocating her
Main themes
impossibility of human connection/misunderstandings/loneliness
different kinds of love
loss
change
responses to loss/change/difficult situations
epiphany, learning about yourself/others
author
DH lawrence
context
mining =dangerous , unmechanised at the time
lawrence’s mother regretted her marriage to a coal miner who spent too much time drinking at the pub
grew up in a mining town
lawrence’s uncle died in a mining accident when his wife was pregnant , elder brother also died + laid out in a coffin at their home
woman’s job to prepare a body for burial