great depression

herbert hoover

president during the great depression

rugged individualism

Hoover's belief of not giving government assistance to not dim the spirit of the American people

hoover favored:

limited government involvement in the economy

hoover supported

voluntary cooperation between business and government (associative state)

smoot hawley tarrif

Raised the cost of imported goods to encourage Americans to purchase cheaper American goods

hooverville

was names after him (people blamed him)

FDR

elected in `932

FDR promised help for the

forgotten man

what deal was created by FDR

the new deal

FDR used this to communicate wirh americans

fireside chats

first lady

eleanor roosevent

causes of GD

stock market speculation and buying on margin, living on credit, uneven distribution of wealth, over production/ underconsumption/ farm stuggles/ weak banking system/ high tariffs

Blac tuesday 10-29-1929

stock market crash, 16+ million shares sold, stock market dropped by 16 billion, triggered widespread panic

Dust bowl

severe drought in the GREAT PLAINS, poor farming practices left land vulnerable. topsoil blew away, crops fails, many farmers forced to flee, 2.5 million people left the plains

Migrants were called

okies

bonus army

WWI veterans marched to WASHINGTON, wanted early payment of promised bonuses for fighting in WWI, camps cleared by army → violence broke out, hurt hoovers repuation

election of 1932

Hoover (republican) vs FDR (democrat)

who won the election?

FDR by a landslide

why did he win by a landslide?

americans wanted change and government action

100 days

first 100 days of FDR presidency, flood of laws passed to address crisis

the hundred days focused on

relief, recovery, reform

New deal

FDR plan to fight the great depression

relief

immediate help for suffering people

recovery

fix the economy

reform

prevent future depression

FDIC

created in 1933, insures bank deposits, restored trust in bank, prevented bank runs

associative state

hoovers idea, voluntary cooperation between businessed and government, no forced government control

rugged individualism

belief people should rely on themselves, government aid weakens character, key hoover belief

court packing plan

FDR proposal to add more supreme court justices, intended to protect new deal laws, congress rejected it

21st amendment

repealed prohibition, allowed alcohol sales again, created jobs and tax revenue.

Why did FDR declare a bank holiday

to close banks temporarily, inspect them, and restore public confidence so people would stop withdrawing their money

there R’s of the new deal

relief reform recovery

how did the 1920’s contribute to the great depression?

speculation, buying on margin, overproduction, uneven wealth distribution, heavu use of credit, weak banks, and high tariffs, weakened the economy,

How did hoovers response differ from roosevelts

hoover : limited government, voluntary action, rugged individualis,

FDR: strong federal involvement, New deal programs, direct aid to people

cooperative

Organization that is owned and controlled by its members

FDR's Court Packing plan was designed to make the Supreme Court

more sympathetic to new deal programs

Why was the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act a failure?

European nations responded with tarrifs of their own

President Hoover believed that the Depression could be ended by doing all of the following EXCEPT

providing direct aid to people

great depression years

1929-1939