lymphatic system

What does the lymphatic system do

Returns fluid leaked from blood vessels back into the blood vessels

What are the 3 parts the lymphatic system consists of

Lymphatic vessels

Lymph fluid in vessels

Lymph nodes

What are the lymphoid organs and tissues

Spleen

Thymus

Tonsils

Payers patches

MALT

Appendix

Red bone marrow

How many liters of fluid per day is forced out of blood vessels

3 liters

What is it called when fluid exits the blood vessels and washes around the tissues

Interstitial fluid

What fluid must be returned to the blood system and who accomplishes it

Interstitial fluid

Lymphatic system accomplishes

When interstitial fluid enters the lymph vessels what is the name change and what happens to it

From interstitial fluid to lymph fluid

It is cleaned up and returned to the blood system

The removal of interstitial fluid from tissue spaces begins where

At blind ended lymphatic capillaries

Where are blind ended lymphatic capillaries found

Weaving between lose connective tissue cells of the body

Where are lymphatic capillaries not found in

Bones

Teeth

Bone marrow

CNS

Lymphatic capillaries are very permeable due to what

The overlapping endothelial cells that form valve flaps in the walls of the vessels

which way to the valve flaps in the walls of the vessels open

Only inward

In lymphatic capillaries the endothelial cells are anchored to surrounding tissue by what

Collagen filaments

What do the collagen filaments in lymphatic capillaries prevent

Vessels from collapsing inwards due to interstitial pressure

Lymphatic capillaries can drain what from tissues of the body

Fluid

Proteins

Pathogens

Debris

Cancer cells

As lymph fluid runs through the lymph nodes what happens before reentering the blood system

It is cleaned up

What do lacteals do

They absorb digested fats from intestine turning clear lymph into milk fatty fluid called chyle which is delivered to the blood system

Lymphatic fluid flows through vessels from smallest to largest what is the order

Lymphatic capillaries

Collecting vessels

Trunks

Ducts

How many tunics do collecting vessels have

3

what are the differences in the tunics between the veins and lymph vessels

Lymph vessels have

Thinner walls

More valves

Anastomose more

Superficial vessels in the skin travel with what

Veins

Deep vessels of the trunk travel with what

Arteries

What is the bloody supply from in collecting vessels

Vasa vasorum

Collecting vessels form to fuse what

Trunks

What types of trunks do the collecting vessels form

Lumbar trunk

Bronchomediastinal trunk

Subclavian trunk

Jugular trunk

Intestinal trunk

The lymphatic trunks drain into what 2 large ducts in the thoracic system

Right lymphatic duct

Thoracic duct

What does the right lymphatic duct do

Drains lymph from right side of head, thorax and arm

What does the thoracic duct do

much larger duct that drains lymph from the rest of the body

The thoracic duct is formed from what

An enlarged sac called cisterna chyli

The lymphatic ducts empties lymph fluid into what circulation and what junction

Into venous circulation at the junction of internal jugular vein and subclavian vein

Characteristics of the transport of lymph

No pump

Low pressure in vessels causing sporadic fluid flow

Fluid flow of lymph depends on the action of what

Skeletal and respiratory muscles

Valves to prevent backflow

The pulsating action of adjacent arteries

What is lymphedema also known as

Lymphatic obstruction

What is lymphedema

A condition of localized fluid retention and tissue swelling caused by a compromised lymphatic system

Where do lymph nodes cluster along and what do they merge to form

Along lymphatic vessels and merge to form trunks

Where do lymph nodes mainly cluster in

Inguinal

Axillary

Cervical regions

What are the 3 functions of lymph nodes

They filter microorganisms and debris from lymph not delivered to blood system

Activate the immune system bc lymphocytes in lymph nodes monitor for antigens

Site of lymphocyte replication

What is the structure of lymph nodes

1in bean

Surrounded by dense fibrous capsule of connective tissue

Has strands of connective tissue that extend inward and divide node into compartments

Lymph nodes clean up your fluid using what

Lymphocytes and macrophages

lymphoid tissue can be scattered around the body in what

Organs and connective tissue

Large collections of lymph fluid are found in what

Lymph organs

What is the tissue type of lymphoid tissue

Reticular connective tissue

What is the functions of lymphoid tissue

Protect the body

Proliferation- rapid replication site for lymphocytes

Surveillance point for lymphocytes and macrophages

Where do macrophages live on

Reticular fibers

Where do lymphocytes circulate between

Blood system and reticular tissue

What are the primary lymphoid organs

Thymus and red bone marrow

What is the largest lymphoid organ

Spleen

The spleen is a site of what

Lymphocytes proliferation

Immune surveillance and response

What does the spleen house

Macrophages that remove debris

Stores broke down products of RBC- iron for later use

Is removal of spleen a problem? Why

Not a problem

Liver and bone marrow take over its functions

What is most active in childhood, stops growing in adolescence, and atrophy with age

Thymus

most thymic cells are what

Lymphocytes

What is the only lymphoid organ that doesn’t directly fight antigens