Mitosis and Meiosis

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Prokaryotic cells carry on asexual reproduction called

binary fission

The process in which DNA makes an exact duplicate of itself

replication

The part of the cell cycle where the cell carries on normal life activities

interphase

The process where a cell makes an exact duplicate of itself

mitosis

One of a pair of replicated chromosomes

chromatid

The structure that holds a pair of replicated chromosomes

centromere

The structure that moves to opposite sides of the cell at the beginning of mitosis

centrioles

A cell with a complete set of chromosomes contains a ______ number of chromosomes

diploid

A cell with half a complete set of chromosomes contains a ______ number of chromosomes

haploid

Cell division in which cells with half a complete set of chromosomes are formed

meiosis

Cells with half a complete set of chromosomes

haploid/gamete/sex cell

Cells formed as a result of mitosis

daughter cells

The combination of four replicated chromosomes formed during meiosis

tetrad

The result of meiosis is the formation of __ cells

4

The result of mitosis is the formation of __ cells

2

The exchange of genetic material among homologous chromosomes

crossover

The division of the cytoplasm

cytokinesis

4 differences between mitosis and meiosis (open response)

Mitosis- Makes body cells, one cellular division, one diploid cell makes 2 diploid cells, cells are identical to parents.

Meiosis- Makes gametes, two cell divisions, one diploid cell makes 4 haploid cells, cells are different from parent cell and each other (has crossover).

Why is crossing over important (open response)

The random exchange of genes among homologous chromosomes in prophase I, allows for genetic variety between cells

What causes variety in siblings?

Crossover causes variety in siblings because it is the random exchange of segments alleles that make different genes. The genes provide the info/"code" for traits so if they are different the siblings will be different too.

Prophase

Chromosomes become visible and match up

*Crossover occurs (ONLY in PROPHASE 1)

Nuclear membrane/envelope disappears

Centrioles go to opposite sides of the cell

Spindle fibers form

Metaphase

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

Centromeres connect to spindle fibers

Anaphase

Centromeres split

Chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell

Telophase

Chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and become thinner

Spindle fibers breakdown

Two nuclei are formed

*4 nuclei are formed (ONLY in TELAPHASE 2)