Author notes, English

Who participated during the civil war, in several battles, fought on the side of the Union, and was severely wounded during last year of the war?

Ambrose Bierce

Ambrose’s experience in the war left him to become…

anti-war

Who worked as a newspaper writer and published “the wickedest man in San Francisco” because of his pointed attacks on people in his pursuit of truth?

Ambrose Bierce

Who was committed to ferreting out hypocrisy, corruption and prejudice?

Ambrose Bierce

Who was considered one of the most influential journalists in the 19th Century?

Ambrose Bierce

What type of tone did Bierce use often?

Sardonic

Bierce’s stories often ended with

twist endings

Bierce’s studies mostly focused on…

the civil war and the supernatural

Bierce often relies on ______ to make his point

irony

Bierce’s characters often…

suffer hideous deaths

Bierce is most noted for his…

adept manipulation of reader viewpoint with stories often employing shifting points of view

Kate Chopin’s story tone is filled with…

irony (verbal, situational, and dramatic)

Chopin’s endings often…

ended in twists and abrupt endings that forces the reader to reexamine and reimagine their understanding of the story. Or has little resolution

Who’s use of setting and imagery help develop characters; to convey a state of mind or emotion?

Kate chopin

Chopin’s female characters often….

struggle to reconcile their “outward existence” with their “inward life”

themes in Chopin’s work…

-Love, emotional loss and isolation

-Self-deception and self-knowledge

-Ethical and emotional difficulties during the pre-Civil war south

-society’s assessment of individuals who challenged social values or who do not fit in normative ideals

-emotional and sexual liberation of women

-psychological consequences of the economic, education, legal and moral structures placed upon white, middle-class women

Who’s novels sold poorly because of their criticism of U.S. racial history was more direct and less likely to be missed by their white readers?

Charles W. Chesnutt

Who spoke out against disfranchisement, lynching, segregation, racism and the violence inherent with it.

Chesnutt

Who was one of the first writers to introduced topics of mixed-race difficulties?

Chesnutt

Who used the “feel-good” techniques to mask their pointed investigation of prejudice among people of color and whites?

Chesnutt

use of dialect as a technique. Vernacular of everyday, ordinary African Americans

Chesnutt

Wrote about black characters who pushed their white readers to identify with them and the suffering they endured because of their race

Chesnutt

_______ Allowed Chesnutt to write about topics/ characters that normally would be rejected by white audiences

use of irony and satire in short stories

Who believed that the characters were more important than action and plot: complex ethical choices are often the subject

Chesnutt’s use of realism

who had an early career as a working journalist?

Stephen Crane

Who’s short stories, novels, essays, and poetry was all influence by their time as a journalist

Crane

Who was fascinated by role of social and natural environment in shaping character and lives

Stephen

Who wrote the popular 1895 Red Badge of Courage?

Crane

______ practiced an extreme form of realism called naturalist determinism

Stepehen Crane

Aim at an objective depiction of life. Believe human behavior was determined by hereditary insticts and emotions and by the social and economic environment, rather than by free human choice

naturalist writers

Who’s writing insists that we live in a universe of vast and indifferent natural forces, not in a world of divine providence or certain model order

Crane’s

Crane emphasized________

the sordid aspects of modern life, discounted the importance of morality as an effective factor touching on his characters’ behavior

Crane use of vivid descriptions reflected_____

the heightened consciousness of character(s), and the idea that this very heightening involves a distortion of perception that needs to overcome for the characters’ adequate adjustment to and comprehension of reality

Crane was the founder

of the American impression in literature

Stephen Crane’s texts present_____

sudden shifts in tone and point of view

frequently the works end without establishing either certainty about characters or resolution of thematic issues

Crane’s works

In their nonfiction works, ___ argued that women are subjugated by men, that motherhood should not preclude a woman from working outside the home, and that housekeeping, cooking and childcare should be professionalized

Charlotte Gilman

-used criticism of society and its restrictive, destructive, impact on women

-use of heavy symbolism to reveal main points and to develop characterization

-stream of conscious technique

-female protagonist who serve to represent “all” women who struggle with limitations placed upon them in the roles of wives/mothers

Gilman

Who edited serval magazines and began to be known for their poetry, short stories, and editor?

Poe

who is considered the originator of the detective story and horror story

Edgar Allen Poe

Poe’s short characterizes as

gothic horror, detective stories, satires, social, and political fiction, humor

who challenged the 19th century American view of a future of unlimited possibility/progress

Edar Allen Poe

In the Poe universe you_____

start out dammed, doomed, and dismal 

As part of the American Romantic movement, Poe’s work emphasized

-emotion, mystery and imagination

-embraced the contradictions of human nature

who had common themes of, unknowability of the self, of others, of nature and of the universe.

-the sensual attraction to the forbidden and its consequential guilt 

-the urge toward self-destruction, the self locked in combat with self 

Edgar Allen Poe