Military leaders

Who was Sir Jeffrey Amherst?

Commander-in-Chief of the British forces from 1778-1782

Who succeeded Jeffrey Amherst?

Henry Seymour Conway

Key crown and government officials

King George III of Great Britain

Lord North Prime Minister 1770-82

Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham PM 1782, died in office

William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne PM 1782-3

George Germain Secretary of State for the Colonies 1775-82

John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich First Lord of the Admiralty

Who was General Thomas Gage?

British Commander-in-Chief of North American forces from 1763-1775 (and governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay 1774-6)

Recalled after the Battle of Bunker Hill

Who was General William Howe?

Replaced Gage, 1776-8, e.g. British captures of New York City and Philadelphia, but failed to gain control over New Jersey, and his actions in taking Philadelphia contributed so failure of John Burgoyne’s Saratoga campaign; resigned in early 1778

Who was Sir Henry Clinton?

Replaced Howe, 1778-82, oversaw British army’s retreat from Philadelphia, directed Siege of Charleston early in the ‘Southern Strategy’

Following Cornwallis' surrender at Yorktown, he was replaced by Guy Carleton

Who was Lord Richard Howe?

Brother of William Howe, commanded the British fleet in north America in 1776 but resigned his position in 1778

Who was John Burgoyne?

A lieutenant general who led a British attempt to gain control of the Hudson River Valley in 1777 that was stopped at Saratoga

Who was Charles Cornwallis?

He served under Howe and Clinton in the New York and Philadelphia campaigns and was given control of the southern army by Clinton after the Siege of Charleston. At first successfully driving the Continentals from South Carolina, he was eventually forced to surrender his army at Yorktown in the last major engagement between American French and British forces.