Thẻ ghi nhớ: IGCSE Computer Science - Chapter 4 | Quizlet

anti-virus software

software that quarantines and deletes files or programs infected by a computer virus; the software can run in the background or be initiated by the user

quarantine

to isolate (in order to later delete) a file or program identified by anti-virus software as being infected by a virus

back-up

make copies of files onto another storage media in case the original file becomes corrupted or is deleted

screensaver

software that supplies a still or moving image on a monitor if a computer has been inactive for a period of time

utilities

part of an operating system which carries out certain functions such as virus checking, defragmentation and screensaver

malware

programs (such as viruses, worms and Trojan horses) that are installed on a user's computer with the aim of deleting, corrupting or manipulating data illegally

heuristic checking

the process of checking software for behaviour that could indicate a possible virus

defragmentation

a process that reorganises sectors on an HDD by rearranging blocks of data so that they are contiguous

contiguous

next to each other (adj)

device driver

software that communicates with the operating system and translates data into a format understood by the device

descriptor

a collection of information about a device plugged into a USB port; this can be vendor ID (VID), product ID (PID) or serial number

operating system

software that provides an environment in which applications can run and also provides an interface between computer and human operator

boot up/bootstrap loader

a small program that is used to load other programs to correctly 'start-up' a computer system

human computer interface (HCI)

an interface supplied by the operating system to 'hide' the complexities of the software and hardware from the human user

command line interface (CLI)

an interface which allows communication with the computer by typing in commands using a keyboard

graphical user interface (GUI)

an interface that uses icons to represent apps and tasks which the user can select/launch by clicking on a mouse or using a touch screen

windows icons menu and pointing device (WIMP)

an interface that uses a pointing device such as a mouse to select options from screen icons or a menu

post-WIMP

a modern touch screen interface system that allows actions such as pinching and rotating

memory management

the function of an operating system that controls main memory

security management

the function of an operating system that ensures the integrity, confidentiality and availability of data

hardware management

the function of an operating system that controls all input and output devices; it is made up of sub-systems such as printer management

buffer

a memory area used to store data temporarily

file management

function of an operating system that manages files in a computer (for example, the ability to create, delete, copy, open, close and rename files)

interrupt

a signal sent from a device or software to a microprocessor requesting its attention; the microprocessor suspends all operations until the request has been serviced

multitasking

a function that allows a computer to process more than one task/process at a time

administrator

a person responsible for the upkeep and maintenance of a computer system that involves multi-user function

user account

an agreement that allows an individual to use a computer; the user needs a user name and password to enter the user's area

interrupt priority

this is assigned to an interrupt to let the microprocessor know which one needs to be serviced first and which interrupts are to be dealt with quickly

Basic Input/Output System (BIOS)

a suite of programs on firmware that are used to perform the initialisation of a computer system during the boot-up process

interrupt service routine (ISR)

software that handles interrupt requests (for example, when the printer out of paper) and sends a request to the CPU for processing

machine code

a binary programming language, a program written in this language can be loaded and executed without translation

high-level language (HLL)

A programming language that is independent of computer hardware. A program written in this language needs to be translated into machine code before it is executed.

low-level language (LLL)

A programming language that is dependent on computer hardware, both machine code and assembly language are examples of this language

assembly language

a programming language that is dependent on computer hardware. If a program is written in this language, the program needs to be translated into machine code before it is executed

assembler

a computer program that translates programming code written in assembly language into machine code

compiler

a computer program that translates a source program written in a high-level language to machine code

interpreter

a computer program that analyses and executes a program written in a high-level language line by line

Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

a suite of programs used to write and test a computer program written in a high-level language

debugging

finding errors in a computer program by running or tracing the program

prettyprinting

displaying source code using different colours and formatting, which make the code easier to read and understand

report window

a separate window in the runtime environment of an IDE that shows the contents of variables during the execution of a program

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