BIO 2 Exam 3

What did Buffon do?

The Earth is older than believed. Gave more time for species to evolve.

Cuvier

Found evidence of species going extinct-fossils

Lamarck

Suggested species evolve based on use or disuse. This is incorrect because progeny come from germline not somatic cells which he implies here.

Thomas Malthus

Essays or principles of population-human pop will grow as long as there are resources available. When pop gets too big competition for resources will happen maybe implying of survival of the fittest.

Charles Lyell

Principles of geology: Earths crust formed through small changes over vast periods of time.

Darwin backed this by observing slow changes in nature-coral reefs forming, earthquakes lifting land by inches—SMALL CHANGES accumulate over long periods.

Conditions of Natural selection?

1. variations of traits within populations

2. variation must be inheritable

3. differential reproductive success

Gene flow

Movement of alleles from one population to another already established pop. THIS IS NOT MIGRATION. Leads to increase of genetic similarities

Genetic Drift

Random fluctuations of alleles in pop. Smaller pop more likely to experience. Caused by random mortality and reporduction

Founder Effect: movement of few individuals to uninhabited area

Bottleneck: Rapid loss of population that change frequency of alleles

5 HWE for NO EVOLUTION

1. no mutations

2. random mating

3. natural selection

4. large pop size

5. no gene flow

Where does the environment get carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus?

Carbon and Nitrogen: Atmosphere.

Phosphorus: Rock Weathering

What fixes carbon, nitrogen, and phosporus?

Carbon and Phosphorus: Primary producers

Nitrogen: N2 fixing bacteria and archea in soil

How does Carbon Nitrogen and Phosphorus travel thru organisms?

Carbon and Phosphorus: Food web interactions

Nitrogen: Assimilation then food web interactions

How does carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus released back to the environment?

Carbon: respiration and fermentation

Nitrogen: ammonification and denitrtification.

Phosphorus: decomposition

What are the importance of carbon nitrogen and phosphorus

Carbon: DNA, RNA, amino acids, ATP

Nitrogen: DNA, RNA, ATP

Phosphorus: Phospholipids, DNA, RNA, ATP