Chapter One: Past and Present

clinical scientists

gather info systematically in order to describe, predict, and explain the phenomena they study

clinical practitioners

detect, assess, and treat abnormal patterns of functioning

deviance 

going against social norms

distress 

causes the sufferer distress (subjective) or could cause distress for the people around you

dysfunction 

interferes with the persons ability to conduct daily activities in a constructive way

Szasz

mental illness is created by culture to control people

eccentrics

display abnormalities but dont follow the four ds

weeks

fifteen dif characteristics in eccentrics

treatment

procedure designed to change abnormal behavior into more normal behavior

exorcism

priest would recite prayers and whip / starve the person

Greek and Roman treatments

hippocrates thought mental illness meant something was physically wrong

500-1350

demonology returns

1400-1700

the renaissance and the rise of asylums

Johann Weyer

mind is as susceptible to sickness as the body

asylums

institutions whose primary purpose was to care for people with mental illness

Benjamin Rush

father of psychology in America, believed in moral treatmenT

somatogenic perspective

abnormal behaviors are rooted in biology (physical causes)

emil kraepelin

physical things can happen to you to cause mental dysfunction

psychogenic perspective

abnormal behaviors are rooted in psychology

hypnotism

changing mental states

psychoanalysis

a form of discussion where clinicians help patients gain insight into their unconscious psychological processes

antipsychotic drugs

drugs that correct distorted thinking

positive psychology

study and enhancement of positive feelings, traits, abilities, and group-directed virtues

abnormal psychology

the scientific study of abnormal behavior undertaken to describe, predict, explain, and change abnormal patterns of functioning

deviant

different, extreme, unusual, bizarre

distressing

unpleasant and upsetting to the person

dysfunctional

interfering with the person's ability to conduct daily activities in a constructive way

the four d's

deviance, distress, dysfunction, and danger

norms

a society's stated and unstated rules for proper conduct

culture

a people's common history, values, institutions, habits, skills, technology, and arts

Thomas Szasz (1920-2012)

believed that the deviations that society calls abnormal are simply "problems in living"

eccentrics

people who deviate from common behavior patterns or display odd behavior, but who don't suffer from mental disorders

treatment / therapy

procedure designed to change abnormal behavior into more normal behavior

therapy

a systematic process for helping people overcome their psychological problems. consists of a client/patient, a trained therapist, and a series of contacts between them

trephination

a stone instrument is used to cut away a circular section of the skull. used as a treatment for severe abnormal behavior in ancient communities

exorcism

treatment for abnormality in early societies, when mental illness was believed to be caused by evil spirits

humors

according to the greeks and romans, bodily chemicals that influence mental and physical functioning

delusions

absurd false beliefs

hallucinations

imagined sights or sounds

lycanthropy

a form of mass madness in which people thought they were possessed by wolves or other animals

Johann Weyer

- first physician to specialize in mental illness
- believed that the mind is as susceptible to illness as the body is
- founder of psychopathology

asylums

institutions whose primary purpose was to care for people with mental illness. first became popular in the sixteenth century

moral treatment

a ninteenth-century approach to treating people with mental dysfunction that emphasized moral guidance and humane and respectful treatment

Benjamin Rush

the father of American psychiatry and responsible for the early spread of moral treatment in the US

state hospitals

state-run public mental institutions in the US

somatogenic perspective

the view that abnormal functioning has physical causes

psychogenic perspective

the view that the chief causes of abnormal functioning are psychological

eugenic sterilization

the elimination of individual's ability to reproduce through medical or other means

hypnotism

a procedure in which a person is placed in a trancelike mental state during which they become extremely suggestible

psychoanalysis

the theory / treatment of abnormal mental functioning that emphasized unconscious psychological forces as the cause of psychopathology

psychotropic medications

drugs that mainly affect the brain and reduce many symptoms of mental dysfunction

deinstitutionalization

the practice of releasing hundreds of thousands of patients from public mental hospitals. began in the 1960s

private psychotherapy

an arrangement in which a person directly pays a therapist for counseling services

prevention

interventions aimed at deterring mental disorders before they can develop

positive psychology

the study and enhancement of positive feelings, traits, and abilities

multicultural psychology

the field that examines the impact of culture, race, ethnicity, and gender on behaviors and thoughts, and focuses on how such factors may influence the origin, nature, and treatment of abnormal behavior

managed care problem

health care coverage in which the insurance company largely controls the nature, score, and cost of medical or psychological services

telemental health

the use of digital technologies to deliver mental health services without the therapist being physically present