Presidents

Critical Period: 1788-1815 Era of Good Feelings/Era of the Common Man: 1815-1840 Antebellum Period: 1840-1860 Gilded Age: 1877-1900 Roaring Twenties: 1920-1929 The New Deal/Era of Reform: 1929-2945 The Cold War: 1945-1968 Détente/Rapproachement: 1968-2000

George Washington (1789-1797)

Federalist

Vice President: John Adams

Secretary of State: Thomas Jefferson

Secretary of the Treasury: Alexander Hamilton

Judiciary Act (1789)

French Revolution (1789)

Tariff of 1789 Whiskey Rebellion (1794)

Jay Treaty with England (1794)

Pickney Treaty with Spain (1795)

Farewell Address (1796)

First Bank (1791-1811)

John Adams (1797-1801)

Federalist

Vice President: Thomas Jefferson

XYZ Affair (1797)

Alien and Sedition Acts (1798)

Naturalization Act “Midnight Judges” (1801)

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions (1798)

Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809)

Democratic-Republican

Vice President: Aaron Burr

Secretary of State: James Madison

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Louisiana Purchase (1803)

Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804-05)

12th Amendment (1804)

Embargo Act (1807)

Non-Intercourse Act (1809)

James Madison (1809-1817)

Democratic-Republican

Vice President: George Clinton

Secretary of State: James Monroe

Macon Act (1810)

Berlin and Milan Decrees

Orders in Council

“War Hawks“ (1811-1812)

War of 1812

Hartford Convention (1814)

First Protective Tariff (1816)

James Monroe (1817-1825)

Democratic-Republican

Vice President: Daniel Tomkins

Secretary of State: John Quincy Adams

Marshall Court Decisions: McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), Dartmouth College Case (1819) - Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

Acquisition of Florida from Spain (Adams Onis Treaty, 1819)

Missouri Compromise (1820)

Monroe Doctrine (1823)

Sectional Tariff (1824)

“Corrupt Bargain“ election (1824)

John Quincy Adams (1825-1829)

Democratic-Republican

Vice President: John C. Calhoun

Secretary of State: Henry Clay

New York’s Erie Canal

Tariff of Abominations (1828)

Calhoun’s Exposition and Protest (1828)

Andrew Jackson (1829-1837)

Democrat

Vice President: John C. Calhoun/later Marin Van Buren

Jacksonian Democracy

Tariffs of 1832 and 1833

Second Bank of the United States (B.U.S-due to expire in 1836)
Formation of the Whig Party (1832)

Martin Van Buren (1837-1841)

Democrat

Vice President: Richard Johnson

Panic of 1837

• over speculation in land

• specie circular, no Bank of the United States (B.U.S)

• unsound financing by state governments

William Henry Harrison (1841)

Whig

Vice President: John Tyler

Secretary of State: Daniel Webster

John Tyler (1841-1845)

Anti-Jackson Democrat, ran as Vice President on Whig ticket

Secretary of State: Daniel Webster

Webster-Ashburton Treaty (1842)

Vetoes Clay’s bill for 3rd B.U.S

Canadian border at 45th parallel

James K. Polk (1845-1849)

Democrat

Vice President: George Dallas

Annexation of Texas (1845)

Oregon boundary settles (1846)

Wilmot Proviso (1846); tried to keep slavery out of newly acquired territory (failed in Senate)

Mexican-American War (1846-1848)

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)

Zachary Taylor (1849-1850)

Whig

Vice President: Millard Filmore

Millard Fillmore

Whig

Secretary of State: Daniel Webster

Compromise of 1850

Clayton-Bulwer Treaty (1850) - Britain and the U.S. agree to not expand in Central America if the canal is built

Uncle Tom’s Cabin is published (1852)

Franklin Pierce (1853-1857)

Democrat

Vice President: William King

Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)

Japan opened to world trade (1853)

Underground Railroad

Bleeding Kansas

Ostend Manifesto (1854) - desire for Cuba, Spain is offered $100M in Ostend, Belgium, U.S. threatens to take Cuba by force if deal is not made

James Buchanan (1857-1861)

Democrat

Vice President: John C. Breckenridge

Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

South Carolina secession (1860)

Abraham Lincoln (1861-1865)

Republican

Vice President: Andrew Johnson

Secretary of State: William H. Seward

Secretary of Treasury: Salmon P. Chase

Civil War 1861-1865

Homestead Act (1862)

Morill Act-created agricultural colleges

Emancipation Proclamation (1863)

Ten Percent Plan

Lincoln’s assassination-April 15, 1865 by John Wike Booth

Andrew Johnson (1865-1869)

Republican

Secretary of State: William H. Seward

13th Amendment (1865)

14th Amendment (1868)

Amnesty Plan (1865)

Military Reconstruction Plan (1867)

Tenure of Office Act (1868)

Impeachment Trial (1868)

Formation of the KKK

Adoption of Black Codes

Ulysses S. Grant (1869-1877)

Republican

Vice President: Calfax Wilson

Secretary of State: Hamilton Fish

First Transcontinental Railroad (1869)

15th Amendment (1870)

Tweed Ring

Panic of 1873

Credit Mobilier scandal

Whiskey Ring

Rutherford B. Hayes (1877-1900)

Republican

Vice President: William Wheeler

Bland-Allison Act-free coinage of silver

Troops withdraw from the South as a result of Compromise 1877

James A. Garfield (1881)

Republican

Vice President: Chester A. Arthur

Secretary of State: James A. Blaine

Garfield’s assassination by C. Julius Guiteau

Chester A. Arthur (1881-1885)

Republican

Secretary of State: James A. Blaine

Pendleton Civil Service Act (1883)-civil service commission and testing set up (to deter patronage)

Grover Cleveland (1885-1889)

Democrat

Vice President: Thomas Hendricks

Knights of Labor (1886)

Haymarket Riot (1886)

Interstate Commerce Act (1887)

Washburn v. Illinois (1886)

Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893)

Republican

Vice President: Levi Morton

Secretary of State: James A. Blaine

Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890)

Populist Party Platform of 1892

North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, Washington become states (1889)

Idaho, Wyoming become states (1890)

McKinley Tariff (1890)

Grover Cleveland (1893-1897)

Second Administration

Democrat

Vice President: Adlai Stevenson

Panic of 1893

Hawaiian Incident (1893)

Venezuelan Boundary Affair (1895)

Pullman Strike (1894)

American Federation of Labor

Wilson-Gorman Tariff (1894)

William McKinley (1897-1901)

Republican

Vice President: Garet Hobart (1896-1900)

Vice President: Theodore Roosevelt

Secretary of State: John Hay

New Imperialism

Spanish-American (April 1898-1899)

Open Door Policy (1899)

Boxer Rebellion (1900)

McKinley’s assassination by Leon Czolgosz (1901)

Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909)

Republican

Vice President: Charles Fairbanks

Secretary of State: John Hay, Elihu Root

Panama Canal (1903-1914)

“Big Stick” Diplomacy

“Square Deal”

3 C’s-consumer protection, conservationism, control of corps

Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine (1904)

Portsmouth Treaty (1905)

Gentlemen’s Agreement with Japan (1904)

Hague Conferences (1899 and 1907)

Pure Food and Drug Act, Meat Inspection Act, Muckrakers (1906)

Political Reforms of the Roosevelt era

Trustbusting

Coal Strike

Venezuelan Debt Controversy (1902)

Dominican Republic crisis (1902-1905)

Algerius Conference over Morrocco (1906)

William H. Taft (1909-1913)

Republican

Vice President: James Sherman

Paine-Aldrich Tariff (1909)

Pinchot-Ballinger controversy

16th Amendment (income tax)

“Dollar Diplomacy”

Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921)

Democrat

Vice President: Thomas Marshall

Underwood Tariff (1913)

17th, 18th, 19th Amendments

Federal Reserve System (1913)

Federal Trade Commission (1914)

Clayton Anti-Trust Act (1914)

“Moral Diplomacy”

Troops to Nicaragua, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Virgin Islands, and Mexico World War I (1914-1918)

Lusitania-sunk May 1915

Zimmerman telegram

“Fourteen Points” January 1917

Treaty of Versailles (1919-1920)

“New Freedom”

Warren G. Harding (1921-1923)

Republican

“Dark Horse“

Vice President: Calvin Coolidge

Secretary of State: Charles E. Hughes

Teapot Dome Scandal, Albert Fall

Washington Conference (1921-22)

Fordney-McCumber Tariff (1922)

Calvin Coolidge (1923-1929)

Republican

Vice President: Charles Dawes

Secretary of State: Frank Kellogg

Dawes Plan (1924)

Immigration Act of 1924 (National Origins Act)

Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)

Herbert Hoover (1929-1933)

Republican

Vice President: Charles Curtis

Secretary of State: Henry L. Stimson

National Origins Act, revised (1929)

Panic and Depression Stock Market Crash (1929)

Hawley-Smoot Tariff (1930)

Reconstruction Finance Corporation Bonus Army (marched to D.C. to demand WWI bonus)

20th Amendment (changed inauguration date to Jan. 20th)

Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933-1945

Democrat

Vice Presidents: John Garner, Henry Wallace, Harry Truman

New Deal and “alphabet” government (AAA, CCC, NIRA, SEC, TVA, etc.

Second New Deal (WPA, Wagner Act, Social Security, etc)

21st Amendment-ends Prohibition (repeals 18th Amendment)

Huey Long, “Share Our Wealth” program

“Court Packing” scheme

World War II-Hitler, Mussolini, Fascism, Spanish Civil War (Franco), Appeasement, Quarantine Speech, Neutrality Acts, Lend-Lease, Destroyer Deal, Pearl Harbor, North Africa, Big Three, Normandy, Yalta, Holocaust, Atlantic Charter, United Nations, Manhattan Project

Harry S. Truman (1945-1953)

Democrat

Vice President: Alben Barkley

Potsdam Conference (1945)

World War II ends-atomic bomb (Hiroshima, Nagaskai), 1945

Taft-Hartley Act (1947, Congress passes over Truman’s veto)

Truman Doctrine (1947)

Marshall Plan (1947)

Executive Order 9981-desegregation of military (1948)

Berlin Airlift (1948-49)

North Atlantic Treaty Organization, or NATO (1949)

Fall of China to Communism (1949)

Korean War (1950-1953)

“Fair Deal”

Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953-1961)

Republican

Vice President: Richard Nixon

22nd Amendment

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954)

Beginning of Civil Rights Movement (Montgomery Bus Boycott, Little Rock 9 at Central High School, etc.)

Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO)

Suez Crisis (1956)

Eisenhower Doctrine

Space Race

Federal Highway Act of 1956

Alaska and Hawaii become states (1959)

U-2 spy plane incident (1960)

Farewell Address-warns U.S. of dependence on “military- industrial complex”

John F. Kennedy (1961-1963)

(😍😍😍)

Democrat

Vice President: Lyndon B. Johnson

Alliance for Progress

Baker v. Carr (1962)

Peace Corps

Cuba-Bay of Pigs Invasion (1961) and Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)

“New Frontier”

Civil Rights Movement (Montgomery March, March on Washington and MLK Jr.’s “I Have a Dream” speech, etc.)

Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty

Kennedy assassinated in Dallas, TX (Nov. 1963) by Lee Harvey Oswald

Lyndon B. Johnson (1963-1969)

Democrat

Vice President: Herbert Humphrey

The “Cold War”

Income tax cuts

Wesberry v. Sanders (1964)

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Civil Rights Movement (SNCC, Black Pathers, Malcolm X)

Elementary and Secondary Education

“Great Society”, a.k.a. War on Poverty

Medicare

Medicaid

Vietnam War-Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (1964), Tet Offensive (1968)

Mr. Jarocki was born (1967)

Assassinations of Martin Luther King, Jr. and RFK (1968) Counterculture and hippies

Richard M. Nixon (1969-1974)

Republican

Vice Presidents: Spiro Agnew, Gerald Ford

“Imperial Presidency”

Moon Landing, July 1969

Warren Burger becomes Chief Justice (1969)

Woodstock (1969)

E.P.A. (Environmental Protection Agency) est. 1970

26th Amendment (1971), lowers voting age to 18

Pentagon Papers-Supreme Court to allow NY Times to publish (1971)

Visit to China (1972)

Visit to U.S.S.R. (1972)

SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty) 1972

Kissinger “Shuttle Diplomacy” (1973-75)

Vietnam (Bombing of Cambodia, War Powers Act of 1973, Vietnamization, Kent State Massacre-1970)

Wounded Knee, South Dakota (1973)

Allende regime in Chile-C.I.A. (1973)

Agnew resigns (1973)

Watergate Scandal (1973-1974)

Nixon resigns August 1974

Gerald Ford (1974-1976)

Republican

1st appointed (not elected) president

Vice President: Nelson Rockefeller

*neither the president or vice president had been elected

Nixon pardon

O.P.E.C crisis (1974)

Jimmy Carter (1977-1981)

Democrat

Vice President: Walter Mondale

Panama Canal Treaty (1977)

Established diplomatic relations with Communist China, ended recognition of Taiwan

Mrs. Griffiths was born (1978)

Three Mile Island Incident (nuclear power plant leak) 1979

Egypt and Israel Peace Treaty (Camp David Accords) 1979

Iran Hostage Crisis (1979); rescue attempt failed

Seizure of Afghanistan by Soviets (1979)

“Stagflation”

Energy Crisis

Boycott of 1980 Moscow Olympics to protest Afghanistan invasion

Ronald Reagan (1981-1989)

Republican

Vice President: George Bush

Hostages released from Iran

Failed assassination attempt of Reagan (1981)

Falkland Islands crisis-U.S. supports England (1982)

1500 marines sent to Beruit in 1983, withdrawn in 1984

Grenada Invasion (1984)

Nicaragua and the Contras (1984)

Strategic Defense Initiative, a.k.a. “Star Wars”

Sandra Day O’Connor appointed to the Supreme Court (1st Woman)

“Supply Side Economics,” tax cuts

Rise of Religious Rights Iran Contra Hearings, Oliver North (1987)

Increased terrorism in the Middle East

Space Shuttle disaster

George Bush (1989-1993)

Republican

Vice President: Dan Quayle

Savings and Loan Scandal (1990)

Berlin Wall Falls, Reunification of Germany (1989)

Invasion of Panama (1990)

Soviet Union collapses, Cold War over (1991)

Operation Desert Storm (1991)

Bill Clinton (1993-2001)

Democrat

Vice President: Al Gore

NAFTA (1994)

Troops sent to Bosnia

Whitewater Scandal

Oklahoma City Bombing (1995)

Unemployment and inflation down

Deficit lowered

Lewinsky Affair, Impeachment (1998)

George W. Bush (2001-2009)

Republican

Vice President: Dick Cheney

9/11

Bush Doctrine (Afghanistan, Iraq)

Homeland Security

PATRIOT Act

Bush Tax Cuts (2001, 2003)

No Child Left Behind (2001)

Hurricane Katrina (2005)

Great Recession (2007-2009)

Barack Obama (2009-2017)

Democrat

Vice President: Joe Biden

Death of Osama Bin Laden

Iraq (ended occupation)

Afghanistan (Taliban resurgence)

Arab Spring (Egypt, Libya, Syria)

Ukraine (Crimea)

ISIS

Great Recession (2007-2009)

American Recovery & Reinvestment Act

Patient Protection & Affordable Care Act