chap 20

What layer of a blood vessel is the inner, simple squamous epithelial layer?

tunica intima

Compared to arteries, veins experience ___ and ___.

lower pressure ... transport blood to the heart

What type of artery is large, dominated by elastic fibers, and stretches under pressure?

elastic artery

Which of the following arteries control blood flow to capillaries?

arterioles

What term is used for an increase in vessel diameter?

vasodilation

Which of the following do erythrocytes move single file through?

capillaries

What type of capillary is found in the liver and bone marrow, has large pores, and may lack a basal lamina?

sinusoid

___ are multiple arteries that supply blood to the same area and provide an alternative blood supply in cases where the primary arterial pathway is obstructed.

Collateral arteries

Which of the following lack a tunica media?

venules

Pulmonary arteries carry ___ blood to the ___.

deoxygenated, lungs

The internal carotids and the basilar artery are interconnected by an anastomosis called the ___.

cerebral arterial circle

Blood from the scalp and face returns to the heart through the ___ vein.

external jugular

As it crosses the antecubital fossa, the ___ artery divides into the radial and ulnar arteries.

brachial

Which of the following arteries of the arm is commonly used to obtain blood pressure readings?

Brachial

Which vein interconnects the cephalic and basilic veins and is a common site for venipuncture (blood sample draw)?

median cubital

The fusion of the right and left brachiocephalic veins forms the ___.

superior vena cava

The superior mesenteric artery supplies blood to the ___.

Pancreas, small intestine, and first 2/3 of large intestine

The ___ drain(s) the sinusoids of the liver to the inferior vena cava.

hepatic veins

The ___ arteries become known as the femoral arteries as they cross into the thigh.

external iliac

The ___ veins collect blood from the plantar venous arch of the foot.

anterior tibial, posterior tibial, and fibular

As the femoral vein crosses from the thigh into the pelvic cavity it becomes known as the ___ vein.

external iliac

Which prevents the backflow of blood in veins?

one-way valves

Compared to arteries, veins have ___ and ___.

an oval shape ... a smooth (non-pleated) endothelial lining

What term is used for a decrease in vessel diameter?

vasoconstriction

What do we call the smallest, most delicate vessels that are involved in exchange between the blood supply and other areas?

capillaries

What type of capillary is found in most body regions and has a complete endothelium?

continuous capillary

Blood flow through a capillary is controlled by the ___.

precapillary sphincters

Which of the following correspond to muscular arteries?

medium veins

Pulmonary veins carry ___ blood to the ___.

oxygenated ... left atrium

A blockage of which branch of the aortic arch would interfere with blood flow to the left arm?

left subclavian artery

An important artery that supplies blood to the brain is the ________ artery.

internal carotid

Identify the missing artery from the pathway to the right palm:

Brachiocephalic trunk → R. Axillary → R. Brachial → R. Radial / R. Ulnar → Palmar arches 

R. Subclavian

The superior vena cava collects blood from the:

head, chest, and upper limbs

The celiac trunk supplies blood to the ___.

Liver, stomach, esophagus, gallbladder, duodenum, pancreas, spleen

Near the level of vertebra L5, the inferior vena cava forms from the fusion of the left and right _____ veins.

common iliac

The popliteal artery branches into the ___ and ___ arteries.

posterior tibial ... anterior tibial

The fusion of which two veins forms the femoral vein:

popliteal and small saphenous

If we face serious blood loss our veins contract to reduce the volume of blood the hold so that it can be distributed to the arteries and capillaries. What do we call this blood supply?

venous reserve

Which of the following arteries are also known as distribution arteries?

muscular arteries

The brachiocephalic trunk divides to form which two arteries?

the right subclavian and the right common carotid

As the femoral vein crosses from the thigh into the pelvic cavity it becomes known as the ___ vein.

external iliac

Which of the following arteries are also known as conducting arteries?

elastic arteries

What type of capillary is found in the kidneys and endocrine glands and possesses small pores in their endothelium?

fenestrated capillary

A(n) ___ is the junction between two or more arteries that serve the same region in order to provide an uninterrupted blood supply in cases when the primary arterial pathway is obstructed.

arterial anastomosis

Which of the following correspond to muscular arteries?

medium veins

A  blockage of which branch of the aortic arch would interfere with blood flow to the right arm and right side of the head?

brachiocephalic trunk

In the cervical region, the ___ is an arterial structure that contains baroreceptors involved in the regulation of blood pressure.

carotid sinus

Blood from the dural sinuses returns to the heart through the ___ vein.

internal jugular

Which of the following arteries of the forearm is commonly used to palpate (feel) the pulse to measure one's heart rate?

Radial

The ___ vein is a superficial vein that collects blood from the medial surface of the upper limb.

basilic

Blood is drained from the liver by the ___.

hepatic veins

Posterior to the knee, the femoral artery becomes known as the ___ artery.

popliteal 

The ___ veins collect blood from the dorsal venous arch of the foot.

great saphenous and small saphenous

What type of artery has a thick tunica media dominated by smooth muscle?

muscular artery

The superior and inferior vena cavae are examples of:

large veins

Which of the following is not a branch of the aortic arch?

the right subclavian artery

Near the level of vertebra L4, the aorta branches to form the ____ arteries.

common iliac

Which of the following is not a tributary of the hepatic portal vein?

celiac trunk

What type of artery is small and has a sparse tunica externa and a thin tunica media?

arteriole

The right and left vertebral arteries fuse to form the ___.

basilar artery

Blood from the posterior skull and cervical spinal cord returns to the heart through the ___ vein.

vertebral

The fusion of which two veins forms the brachial vein:

radial and ulnar

The azygos vein collects blood from the ___ and returns it to the ___.

thoracic cavity ... superior vena cava

Which drains directly into the inferior vena cava?

right gonadal vein

How does the blood in veins of the limbs return to the heart?

skeletal muscle pumps

Which of the following collect blood from capillary beds?

venules