Cell Biology Exam Two - Active Transport

What are the 3 ways that active transport pumps work?

Gradient-Driven

ATP-Driven

Light-Driven

What type of pump is this>

Gradient-Driven

What type of pump is this?

ATP-Driven

What type of pump is this?

Light-Driven

What is the other name for the sodium potassium pump?

Na+ / K+ / ATPase

What does the sodium potassium pump do?

uses energy from ATP hydrolysis to transport Na+ and K+ against their electrochemical gradients.

The sodium potassium pump actively pumps

2 potassium in

3 sodium out

The Na+ / K+ pump uses nearly ____ of the ATP in many cells

25%

The Sodium Potassium pump is needed to:

propagate electrical signals in nerve and muscle cells;

drive active transport of other molecules;

to maintain osmotic balance and cell volume

What are the 3 functions of active transport?

Solutes can be concentrated

Wastes can be removed

Maintain constant, non-equilibrium concentration of inorganic ions

Intestinal cells have higher concentrations of _____ than the lumen

glucose

the products of _____ are toxic if built up

cellular metabolism

For the sodium potassium pump what is the ratio of ATP to ions

1 ATP = 5 ions

The change of ATP to ADP allows

conformational change which allows phosphorylation

The release of the phosphate allows

conformational change back to normal

Calcium Ion Transport:

out of the cell or into the smooth ER lumen

making intracellular calcium ion concentrations extremely low

important for muscle contraction

There can be more that one pump per

vesicle

The Sodium Glucose Symporter in the Intestine:

gradient driven transport - secondary active transport

glucose transporters in the apical domain of intestinal epithelial cells transport two sodium and one glucose into the cell

gradients are different but direction is the same

What does this image represent?

Sodium Glucose Symporter

ion pumps in bacteria, yeasts, and plant cells transport H+ out of the

cell

H+ is pumped out of the stomach lining cells, resulting in

acidity of gastric fluids

structurally distinct pumps transport H+ into

lysosomes and endosomes

Molecules can be transported against their gradient using __________ in the energetically favorable direction

energy from coupled transport of another molecule

sodium gradient is used to bring

essential nutrients in

Hydrogen gradient brings in

solute

The Sodium Gradient can be _______

exploited

Active Transport brings _______ into gut lumen

glucose

facilitated diffusion brings glucose into

extracellular fluid

some pumps are ____ driven

light

Some multi drug resistance pumps use ATP to pump toxins

out of the cell

ABC transporters have highly conserved

ATP-binding domains

ABC transporters stands for:

ATP-binding cassettes

What are good models

red blood cells

What is an example of an ion channel defect that looks like a pump defect

cystic fibrosis

The cystic fibrosis gene encodes a protein ______, in the ABC transporter family

CFTR

ATP synthases in mitochondria and chloroplasts are other types of

H+ pumps

When these pumps operate in reverse, the movement of ions down the electrochemical gradient is used to drive

ATP synthesis

Using energy:

up gradient

Making energy:

down gradient

True of False. The sodium potassium pump uses 1 ATP per ion transported.

False

True or False. The sodium potassium pump is a type of anti porter.

True

One similarity between facilitated transporters and pumps is their activity depends upon

conformational change

glucose transport into red blood cells requires facilitated diffusion while glucose transport into intestinal cells requires active transport. This difference in transporters is due to transport being ____ the concentration gradient into red blood cells and _____ the concentration gradient into intestinal cells.

Down ; Up

The sodium potassium pump makes the cell interior more _____ by pumping ______ sodium ions out of the cell for every ____ potassium ions pumped in.

Negative, 3, 2