ap networking s1 pptx

What are the four types of network communication?

Unicast, Multicast, Anycast, and Broadcast.

What is Unicast communication?

Communication that goes to only one other host on the network.

What is Multicast communication?

Communication that goes to all hosts in a multicast group.

What is Broadcast communication?

Communication that goes to every host in the network.

How does IPv4 find other devices on the network?

Through ARP broadcasts.

What is a static IP address?

An IP address that is manually configured on the device.

What is a dynamic IP address?

An IP address assigned by the DHCP server.

What is the purpose of DHCP?

To allow hosts to obtain an IP address dynamically without manual configuration.

What are the four steps in the DHCP process to assign an IPv4 address?

Discover, Offer, Request, Acknowledgement.

What happens if there is no DHCP server available?

The device can use Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA) to assign itself an IP address.

What is the APIPA reserved range for IP addresses?

169.254.0.1 to 169.254.255.254.

What is SLAAC in IPv6 addressing?

Stateless Address Autoconfiguration, where the host configures its own IPv6 address.

What is the format of an IPv4 address?

32 bits divided into 4 sections of 8 bits, using decimal digits.

What is the format of an IPv6 address?

128 bits divided into 8 sections of 16 bits, using hexadecimal digits.

How does IPv6 indicate the network portion of an address?

Using prefix notation, such as /64.

What is the Global Unicast Address in IPv6?

The real IPv6 address that can be routed on a WAN, typically starting with 2001:.

What is a Link Local Unicast Address in IPv6?

An address that begins with FE80: and is unique only within the LAN.

What is the Loopback Address in IPv6?

::1 or 0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001.

What is the advantage of using IPv6 over IPv4?

IPv6 can provide 340 undecillion addresses, accommodating more devices.

What is the disadvantage of using APIPA?

Addresses are private and cannot connect to a WAN or the Internet.

What is the lease time typically set for a DHCP IP address?

Typically 3 days.

What is the purpose of the subnet mask in IPv4?

To indicate the network portion of the IP address.

What is the method to compress IPv6 addresses?

Drop leading zeros in segments and merge contiguous zeros with a double colon.

What does the prefix length in IPv6 indicate?

The number of bits that represent the network portion of the address.

What is the role of Router Advertisements (RAs) in IPv6?

To provide information about how to leave the LAN.

What is the significance of the DHCP server scope?

It defines a range of IP addresses available for distribution.

How many devices were estimated to be globally in 2025?

Around 21.5 billion devices.

What is the primary function of NDP in IPv6?

To replace ARP for obtaining MAC addresses.

What is the purpose of an IP address in networking?

An IP address uniquely identifies a network or device connected to a network.

What is a MAC address?

A MAC address is a unique, permanent number assigned to a specific device on a local network.

How do MAC and IP addresses work together?

MAC addresses identify the specific device (WHO), while IP addresses identify the network location (WHERE).

What protocol is used in IPv4 networks to discover MAC addresses?

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

What protocol is used in IPv6 networks to discover MAC addresses?

Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP)

What is the difference between broadcasting and multicasting?

Broadcasting sends a packet to all devices (1 to all), while multicasting sends it to a specific group of devices (1 to many).

What is 6to4 tunneling?

6to4 tunneling encapsulates an IPv6 packet in an IPv4 packet to allow communication across an IPv4 network.

What is 4in6 tunneling?

4in6 tunneling encapsulates an IPv4 packet in an IPv6 packet to allow communication across an IPv6 network.

What is a dual stack configuration?

A dual stack configuration allows a device to have both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.

What happens to an IP address when a device connects to a new network?

The IP address may change, as it is tied to the network the device is connected to.

What is the significance of ARP tables?

ARP tables remember which IP addresses match which MAC addresses, facilitating data delivery in local networks.

Why are MAC addresses considered permanent?

MAC addresses are tied to the hardware of the device and do not change regardless of the network.

What is the analogy used to explain IP and MAC addresses?

An IP address is like a phone number (WHERE), while a MAC address is like a doctor's name (WHO).

What is the role of the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)?

ARP maps a device's MAC address to its assigned IP address when connected to a local network.

What is the difference between physical and logical addressing?

Physical addressing refers to MAC addresses (permanent), while logical addressing refers to IP addresses (temporary).

How does IPv6 offer advantages over IPv4?

IPv6 can provide better security and faster connections in some cases.

What is the purpose of tunneling in networking?

Tunneling allows communication between networks using different IP versions.

What happens if a device's MAC address changes?

The MAC address does not change; it is a permanent identifier tied to the device's hardware.

Why can't you rely solely on MAC addresses for network communication?

MAC addresses do not provide information about the network location; IP addresses are needed for routing.

What is the significance of the organizationally unique identifier (OUI) in MAC addresses?

The OUI represents the manufacturer of the device and is part of the MAC address.

What happens to a device's IP address when it connects to a different network?

The IP address will change to match the new network's addressing scheme.

What is the guiding question regarding MAC and IP addresses?

How do MAC and IP addresses work together to ensure data reaches the right device on a network?

What is the analogy used for understanding IP addresses?

An IP address is like a phone number that helps connect to the correct location.

What is the role of NDP in IPv6?

NDP is used to discover MAC addresses in an IPv6 network.

How do you keep track of multiple IP addresses?

Similar to saving contacts, devices use ARP tables to manage IP and MAC address mappings.

What is the purpose of the MAC address in networking?

The MAC address identifies the specific device that should receive the data.

What is the purpose of an ARP table?

To map IP addresses to MAC addresses for efficient network communication.

What does ARP stand for?

Address Resolution Protocol.

What message does ARP send to devices on the network?

"Who has this IP address?"

How is a MAC address represented?

As 12 hexadecimal digits, e.g., 00:24:E8:83:68:96.

What is an IP address?

A temporary identifier for each network interface, also known as the logical address.

What is the difference between a MAC address and an IP address?

MAC addresses are permanent and unique to a device, while IP addresses are temporary and can change.

What are the two parts of an IP address?

Network ID and Host ID.

What is a subnet mask used for?

To determine which part of an IP address is the network and which part is the host.

What is the default subnet mask for Class A IP addresses?

255.0.0.0.

What is the default subnet mask for Class B IP addresses?

255.255.0.0.

What is the default subnet mask for Class C IP addresses?

255.255.255.0.

What is a reserved address in networking?

An address that cannot be assigned to devices, such as the network identifier or broadcast address.

What is the purpose of a broadcast address?

To send packets to all devices on a network.

What is a loopback address?

127.0.0.1, used to test the device's network interface.

What is the range of Class A IP addresses?

1 to 126 for the first octet.

What is the range of Class B IP addresses?

128 to 191 for the first octet.

What is the range of Class C IP addresses?

192 to 223 for the first octet.

What are private IP addresses?

Addresses that can be used by multiple organizations, not routed on the Internet.

What is Network Address Translation (NAT)?

A method that allows devices with private IP addresses to access the Internet using a public IP address.

What is the purpose of IEEE standards in networking?

To create compatibility and quality control for digital equipment.

What does the IEEE 802.3 standard define?

The standards for Ethernet networking, including data transfer speeds and connection types.

What is coaxial cable used for?

To deliver cable internet and television, with a speed of 10 Mbps.

What is Direct Attach Copper (DAC) cable?

A type of cable used in data centers for fast connectivity, with speeds from 10Gbps to 400Gbps.

What is the significance of unique device identification in networking?

It ensures that devices can communicate effectively without address conflicts.

What happens when a device joins a network?

An IP address is assigned to the device, allowing access to shared resources.

What is the role of network devices in a network?

To connect hosts and facilitate communication between them.

What type of cable uses twinaxial technology?

Twinaxial cable

What is the speed range of twinaxial cables?

10 Gbps to 400 Gbps

What are the common connectors for twinaxial cables?

SF:+ or QSFP+

What is the maximum distance for twinaxial cables?

5 - 15 meters

What type of cable consists of 4 pairs of twisted copper wires?

Twisted Pair Cable

What is the maximum distance for twisted pair cables?

100 meters

What connector is used for Category 3 cabling?

RJ-11

What connector is used for Category 5 - 8 cables?

RJ-45

What is the speed of Cat 3 cables?

10 Mbps

What is the standard name for Cat 5 cables?

100Base-TX

What is the maximum speed of Cat 6a or 7 cables?

10 Gbps

What is the distance limitation for Cat 8 cables?

30 meters

What is a plenum cable designed for?

Use in areas for air circulation within buildings

What are the fire safety requirements for plenum cables?

Must resist fire and produce minimal smoke and toxic fumes

What is the primary function of fiber optic cables?

To transfer data using light impulses

What is the core diameter of single-mode fiber cable?

Approximately 8-10 micrometers

What type of light source does single-mode fiber use?

Laser

What is the maximum distance for single-mode fiber?

Up to 100 kilometers

What is the core diameter of multimode fiber cable?

Approximately 50 or 62.5 micrometers

What type of light source does multimode fiber use?

LED