English 100-05 Notes: Subordinate, Holistic, Contractions, Clauses, and Punctuation

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering key terms from the notes on subordinating/ coordinating conjunctions, contractions, sentence structure, and possessive punctuation.

Subordinate (verb)

To treat or regard as of lesser importance than something else.

Holistic

Characterized by the belief that the parts of something are interconnected.

Don't

Contraction of 'do not'.

I'll

Contraction of 'I will'.

Won't

Contraction of 'will not'.

Semicolon

Punctuation mark used to join two independent clauses without a conjunction; can also be used to separate items in a complex list.

Period

Punctuation mark used to end a sentence; separates sentences.

Comma with coordinating conjunction

A comma used before a coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) to join two independent clauses.

Run-on sentence

A sentence that contains two or more independent clauses without proper punctuation or conjunction.

Comma splice

Joining two independent clauses with just a comma, without a coordinating conjunction.

Independent clause

A group of words that can stand alone as a sentence; contains a subject and a predicate.

Dependent clause

A group of words that cannot stand alone as a sentence and depends on an independent clause.

Subordinating conjunction

A conjunction that introduces a dependent (subordinate) clause.

Coordinating conjunction

A conjunction that connects words, phrases, or independent clauses; when joining two independent clauses, a comma often precedes it.

For

A coordinating conjunction used to indicate a reason; a comma is often placed before it when linking two independent clauses.

And

Coordinating conjunction used to add another element; a comma commonly precedes it when joining two independent clauses.

Nor

Coordinating conjunction used to introduce a non-contrasting negative idea; a comma often precedes it when joining two independent clauses.

But

Coordinating conjunction used to show contrast; a comma often precedes it when joining two independent clauses.

Or

Coordinating conjunction used to present alternatives; a comma often precedes it when joining two independent clauses.

Yet

Coordinating conjunction used to show contrast; a comma often precedes it when joining two independent clauses.

So

Coordinating conjunction used to show result or consequence; a comma often precedes it when joining two independent clauses.

Your

A possessive pronoun used to show that something belongs to you.

Bare

An adjective meaning not covered or clothed; plain or exposed.

Wont

Noun meaning a person’s habitual tendency or customary practice.

Apostrophe for plural possession

Use an apostrophe after a plural noun to show possession by multiple owners (e.g., teachers’ lounge).

Plural joint possession

When multiple owners jointly possess a single noun; the plural possessive is used (e.g., the teachers’ lounge).

Plural separate possession

When multiple owners possess separate nouns; add possessive form to each noun (e.g., the teachers’ desks and the students’ desks).

Singular possession

To show that one owner possesses an item, add ’s to the singular noun (e.g., the student’s book).

Dependent clause comes before the independent clause

When the dependent clause comes before the independent clause, place a comma after the dependent clause.

Although

A subordinating conjunction that introduces a dependent clause.

While

A subordinating conjunction that introduces a dependent clause.

As

A subordinating conjunction that introduces a dependent clause.

Because

A subordinating conjunction that introduces a dependent clause.

When

A subordinating conjunction that introduces a dependent clause.

Whenever

A subordinating conjunction that introduces a dependent clause.

Until

A subordinating conjunction that introduces a dependent clause.

Unless

A subordinating conjunction that introduces a dependent clause.

If

A subordinating conjunction that introduces a dependent clause.

Since

A subordinating conjunction that introduces a dependent clause.