ethnicity

material deprivation

A lack of resources and money needed for educational success.

Cultural deprivation

The theory that many working class and ethnic minorities are inadequately socialised and therefore lack the right culture needed for educational success. such as speaking in the restricted code instead of elaborative code

internal factors

in school teachers put labels on children (Howard Becker) and these are negative labels which predicts they will fail. Leading to the self fulfilling prophecy which is where the student notices how they are being treated and then they act the way they were predicted to. creating anti-school subcultures. however some students do the opposite and chose to do the opposite of there label so they overachieve. another example of internal factors is the ethnocentric curriculum which isolates other cultures and only focuses on one. we see this in history and English where they focus on the British culture. Teachers also don't see ethnic minorities as the 'ideal pupil' they see Asians as passive and black students as trouble makers thus labelling them

External Factors

links to both material and cultural deprivation. there is also parental attitudes and values which can lead to the student not caring for their results since their parents don't care and see school as unimportant. there is also wider racism in where students of ethnic backgrounds are vulnerable because of the unsafe environment where they are more prone to racist attacks.