SBI3U Final Exam Review : Unit 6 - Digestive System

Enzymes that break down lipids

Lipase (pancreas) - triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol

Enzymes that break down proteins

Pepsin (stomach lining) - protein into smaller peptides and amino acids

Chymosin (stomach lining) - milk proteins into insoluble casein proteins

Trypsin (pancreas) - peptides into proteins; polypeptides into amino acids

Erepsin (pancreas/ileum)

Enzymes that break down disaccharides

Salivary Amylase (salivary glands) - polysaccharides into disaccharides

Pancreatic Amylase (pancreas) - starch into maltose

Maltase (small intestine) - maltose into two glucose molecules

Lactase (small intestine) - lactose into glucose and galactose

Sucrase (small intestine) - sucrose into glucose and fructose

Bile

A substance produced in the liver made of bile salts, phospholipids, cholesterol, and bile pigments that neutralizes chyme and emulsifies fat; it moves through the common bile duct to the gall bladder

Production of bile

Storage of bile

Pigments in bile

Function of bile

How the digestive system maintains homeostasis

The role of the digestive system in maintaining insulin levels and homeostasis

Insulin

The role of the digestive system in maintaining homeostasis with plasma proteins

Liver

The accessory organ that produces bile, converts carbs into fats, produces plasma proteins, detoxifies poison, stores soluble vitamins, creates urea, and breaks down amino acids

Cellulose

A polymer of glucose that is the main component of cell walls, where it provides structure, not energy

Function of cellulose

Large Intestine

Structure of the large intestine

Made of the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon

Function of the large intestine

Small Intestine

Structure of the small intestine

Made of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

Duodenum

The shortest part of the small intestine that is the main site for digestion and up to 80% of digestion, where bile and pancreatic enzymes enter

Jejunum

The second region of the small intestine where some proteins and carbohydrates are digested, but mostly absorbs nutrients

Ileum

The third part of the small intestine where all remaining digestion occurs, which releases erepsin, and where food is pushed through the ileocecal sphincter into the colon by peristalsis

Function of the small intestine